Question 1

Which of the following best describes the principle behind electrophoresis in porous bodies (such as filter paper or gels)?

Accepted Answer

It involves the movement of charged particles through a porous matrix under the influence of an electric field, where the matrix impedes or facilitates migration based on particle size and charge.

Question 2

In the context of electrophoresis, what does the term 'mobilitate' (mobility) of a particle refer to?

Accepted Answer

The ratio of the particle's velocity to the intensity of the electric field.

Question 3

Given the formula for electric current intensity $$I = \frac{q}{t}$$, where $$q is $$the charge and $$t is $$time, what is the SI unit for electric current?

Accepted Answer

Ampere

Question 4

Which equation correctly expresses the intensity of the electric field $$E in $$terms of force $$F$$ and charge $$q$$?

Accepted Answer

$$E = \frac{F}{q}$$

Question 5

A researcher is using electrophoresis to separate a mixture of proteins. Which factor will NOT affect the rate at which a protein migrates through the gel?

Accepted Answer

The color of the protein.

Question 6

If the mobility $$\mu of a $$particle is given by $$\mu = \frac{v}{E}$$, where $$v is $$velocity and $$E is $$electric field intensity, what is the unit of $$\mu in SI$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{V}\cdot\mathrm{s}$$

Question 7

Which of the following is a medical application of electrophoresis?

Accepted Answer

Separating blood plasma proteins for diagnostic purposes.

Question 8

A solution contains two types of ions: $$A^{2+}$$ and $$B^{+}. $$Under the same electric field, which ion will generally have a higher mobility, assuming similar size and shape?

Accepted Answer

$$A^{2+}$$, because it has a higher charge.

Question 9

Which formula is used to calculate the force of electric acceleration on a particle with charge $$z e in an $$electric field $$E$$?

Accepted Answer

$$F_e = z e E$$

Question 10

During electrophoresis, why do smaller molecules generally migrate faster through a gel matrix than larger ones?

Accepted Answer

Smaller molecules experience less resistance from the gel matrix.

Question 11

If the intensity of the electric current $$I is $$doubled while the time $$t$$ remains constant, what happens to the total charge $$q$$ passing through the circuit?

Accepted Answer

It is doubled.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a component typically used in an electrophoresis setup?

Accepted Answer

Bunsen burner

Question 13

A scientist wants to separate DNA fragments using electrophoresis. Which type of electrophoresis is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Electrophoresis in porous bodies (such as agarose gel)

Question 14

What is the main reason for using a buffer solution in electrophoresis?

Accepted Answer

To maintain a constant pH and ionic strength during the separation process.

Question 15

If a particle with charge $$q$$ moves with velocity $$v in an $$electric field $$E$$, and its mobility is $$\mu$$, which equation relates these quantities?

Accepted Answer

$$v = \mu E$$

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the importance of electrophoresis in medicine is correct?

Accepted Answer

Electrophoresis allows for the identification and quantification of biomolecules, aiding in diagnosis and research.

Question 17

Which of the following would increase the migration rate of particles during electrophoresis?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the strength of the electric field.

Question 18

A mixture of serum proteins is analyzed by electrophoresis. What property primarily determines the separation of these proteins?

Accepted Answer

Their size and net charge.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why electrophoresis can be used to analyze mixtures of antigens and antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Antigens and antibodies have different electric charges and sizes, allowing them to migrate at different rates in an electric field.

Question 20

If the number of elementary charges $$z on a $$particle increases, what happens to the force of electric acceleration $$F_e in a $$constant electric field $$E$$?

Accepted Answer

It increases proportionally to $$z.$$

Electrophoresis: Principles and Medical Importance

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