Textbook Question
(b) Do all of these ethers have common names?
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Ch. 3 - An Introduction to Organic Compounds:Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and Structure
Bruice8th EditionOrganic ChemistryISBN: 9780135213711
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding (Part 1)31
- Ch. 1 - Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding (Part 2)65
- Ch. 2 - Acids and Bases: Central to Understanding Organic Chemistry84
- Ch. 3 - An Introduction to Organic Compounds:Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and Structure183
- Ch. 4 - Isomers: The Arrangement of Atoms in Space121
- Ch. 5 - Alkenes: Structure, Nomenclature, and an Introduction to Reactivity • Thermodynamics and Kinetics83
- Ch. 6 - The Reactions of Alkenes • The Stereochemistry of Addition Reactions175
- Ch. 7 - The Reactions of Alkynes • An Introduction to Multistep Synthesis119
- Ch. 8 - Delocalized Electrons: Their Effect on Stability, pKa, and the Products of a Reaction • Aromaticity and Electronic Effects: An Introduction to the Reactions of Benzene148
- Ch. 9 - Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides212
- Ch. 10 - Reactions of Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides, Amines, and Sulfur-Containing Compounds131
- Ch. 11 - Organometallic Compounds60
- Ch. 12 - Radicals90
- Ch. 13 - Mass Spectrometry; Infrared Spectroscopy; UV/Vis Spectroscopy62
- Ch. 14 - NMR Spectroscopy95
- Ch. 15 - Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives123
- Ch. 16 - Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones • More Reactions of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives141
- Ch. 17 - Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon101
- Ch. 18 - Reactions of Benzene and Substituted Benzenes144
- Ch. 19 - More About Amines • Reactions of Heterocyclic Compounds49
- Ch. 20 - The Organic Chemistry of Carbohydrates80
- Ch. 21 - Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins57
- Ch. 22 - Catalysis in Organic Reactions and in Enzymatic Reactions35
- Ch. 23 - The Organic Chemistry of the Coenzymes—Compounds Derived from Vitamins1
- Ch. 28 - Pericyclic Reactions58
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Bruice 8th EditionCh. 3 - An Introduction to Organic Compounds:Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and StructureProblem 23a,b
Bruice 8th EditionCh. 3 - An Introduction to Organic Compounds:Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and StructureProblem 23a,bChapter 4, Problem 23a,b
Give each of the following a systematic name and indicate whether each is a primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol:
a. 
b. 
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Analyze the first structure (CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH). Identify the longest continuous carbon chain, which contains six carbons. The hydroxyl (-OH) group is attached to the terminal carbon, making it a primary alcohol.
Step 2: Assign the systematic name for the first structure. The parent chain is hexane, and the hydroxyl group is on the first carbon. The name is 1-hexanol.
Step 3: Analyze the second structure. Identify the longest continuous carbon chain, which contains five carbons. The hydroxyl (-OH) group is attached to the second carbon, and there is a methyl group also attached to the second carbon. Additionally, there is a chlorine atom attached to the fifth carbon.
Step 4: Assign the systematic name for the second structure. The parent chain is pentane, and substituents are named in alphabetical order. The hydroxyl group is on the second carbon, the methyl group is on the second carbon, and the chlorine atom is on the fifth carbon. The name is 2-methyl-5-chloropentan-2-ol.
Step 5: Determine the type of alcohol for the second structure. Since the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon that is bonded to two other carbons, it is a secondary alcohol.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Systematic Naming of Alcohols
Systematic naming of alcohols follows the IUPAC nomenclature rules, where the longest carbon chain containing the hydroxyl (-OH) group is identified. The suffix '-ol' is added to the name of the alkane corresponding to the longest chain, and the position of the -OH group is indicated by a number. For example, in butanol, the -OH group is on the first carbon of a four-carbon chain.
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Classification of Alcohols
Alcohols are classified based on the number of carbon atoms bonded to the carbon atom that carries the hydroxyl group. A primary alcohol has the -OH group attached to a carbon that is bonded to only one other carbon, a secondary alcohol has it attached to a carbon bonded to two other carbons, and a tertiary alcohol has it attached to a carbon bonded to three other carbons. This classification affects the alcohol's reactivity and properties.
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Structural Representation of Organic Compounds
Understanding structural representations, such as condensed formulas or skeletal structures, is crucial for identifying functional groups and determining the classification of alcohols. These representations visually convey how atoms are connected in a molecule, allowing for the identification of the longest carbon chain and the position of the hydroxyl group, which are essential for systematic naming and classification.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Write condensed and skeletal structures for all the tertiary alcohols with molecular formula C6H14O and give each a systematic name.
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Textbook Question
What is each ether’s systematic name?
3.
4.
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Textbook Question
Give each of the following a systematic name and indicate whether each is a primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol:
a.
b.
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Textbook Question
What are their common names?
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Textbook Question
Draw the structures of a homologous series of alcohols that have from one to six carbons and give each of them a common name and a systematic name.
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