A dockworker applies a constant horizontal force of N to a block of ice on a smooth horizontal floor. The frictional force is negligible. The block starts from rest and moves m in s. What is the mass of the block of ice?
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6. Intro to Forces (Dynamics)
Newton's First & Second Laws
Problem 2a
Textbook Question
To extricate an SUV stuck in the mud, workmen use three horizontal ropes, producing the force vectors shown in Fig. E. Find the - and -components of each of the three pulls.


1
Step 1: Identify the forces and angles given in the problem. From the diagram, we have three forces: 685 N at 54° (Force A), 784 N at 44° (Force B), and 469 N at 32° (Force C). These forces are applied at specific angles relative to the x-axis.
Step 2: Recall the formulas for calculating the x- and y-components of a force vector. The x-component is given by F_x = F * cos(θ), and the y-component is given by F_y = F * sin(θ), where F is the magnitude of the force and θ is the angle relative to the x-axis.
Step 3: Calculate the x-component for each force. For Force A, use F_x = 685 * cos(54°). For Force B, use F_x = 784 * cos(44°). For Force C, use F_x = 469 * cos(32°).
Step 4: Calculate the y-component for each force. For Force A, use F_y = 685 * sin(54°). For Force B, use F_y = 784 * sin(44°). For Force C, use F_y = 469 * sin(32°).
Step 5: Organize the results into a table or list format for clarity. Each force will have its x- and y-components calculated separately, and these components can be summed later if needed for further analysis.

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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Force Vectors
Force vectors represent the magnitude and direction of forces acting on an object. In this scenario, the forces exerted by the ropes on the SUV are depicted as vectors, which can be broken down into their x (horizontal) and y (vertical) components. Understanding how to resolve these vectors is crucial for analyzing the net force acting on the SUV.
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Vector Resolution
Vector resolution involves breaking a vector into its components along the axes of a coordinate system, typically the x and y axes. This is done using trigonometric functions: the x-component is found using the cosine of the angle, while the y-component is found using the sine. This process is essential for calculating the individual contributions of each force in the problem.
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Equilibrium of Forces
The equilibrium of forces occurs when the net force acting on an object is zero, meaning all forces balance out. In this context, understanding how to calculate the x and y components of the forces allows for determining whether the combined forces can successfully extricate the SUV from the mud. Analyzing the components helps ensure that the resultant force is sufficient to overcome the resistance of the mud.
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Equilibrium
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