Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Electromotive Force (EMF)
EMF is the voltage generated by a battery or power source when no current is flowing. It represents the energy provided per charge unit. In this question, each battery has an EMF of 1.5 V, and when connected in series, the total EMF is the sum of individual EMFs, resulting in 3.0 V.
Recommended video:
Ohm's Law
Ohm's Law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points and inversely proportional to the resistance. It is expressed as I = V/R. For the flashlight, the current can be calculated using the total EMF (3.0 V) and the bulb's resistance (17 Ω).
Recommended video:
Energy Delivered
The energy delivered to a component in an electrical circuit is calculated using the formula E = P × t, where P is the power (P = V × I) and t is the time. In this scenario, the power can be determined using the total voltage and current, and the energy delivered over 5 hours can be calculated accordingly.
Recommended video:
Intro to Energy & Types of Energy