In the context of Newton's law of universal gravitation, what physical quantity is commonly described as the measure of the gravitational force acting on an object?

According to Newton's Law of Gravity, the two forces acting on a skydiver during free fall are $\mathrm{gravity}$ and air $\mathrm{resistance}$. Which pair correctly fills in the blanks?

Three identical satellites $A$, $B$, and $C$ are launched into circular orbits around Earth at different altitudes: $A$ is closest to Earth, $B$ is at a medium altitude, and $C$ is farthest from Earth. Rank the magnitude of the net gravitational force acting on each satellite due to Earth from greatest to least.