Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between internal and external validity in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

Internal validity refers to the degree to which a study accurately tests the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable, while external validity refers to the degree to which the results can be generalized to other settings or populations.

Question 2

A researcher finds a correlation coefficient $$r = 0.45$$ between caffeine intake and memory performance. What does this value indicate?

Accepted Answer

There is a moderate positive relationship between caffeine intake and memory performance.

Question 3

Which scenario best demonstrates high external validity in a study on caffeine and memory?

Accepted Answer

Randomly assigning participants from diverse backgrounds and measuring memory in multiple real-world settings.

Question 4

What does a p-value of $$0.03 in a $$psychological experiment indicate?

Accepted Answer

There is a 3% chance that the observed effect is due to random variation, and the result is considered statistically significant at the $$0.05$$ threshold.

Question 5

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for calming the body after a stressful event?

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Regulating automatic, non-voluntary functioning of glands and internal organs

Question 7

Which type of neuron is responsible for conveying information from the outside world to the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neuron

Question 8

What is the role of the myelin sheath in neural transmission?

Accepted Answer

It covers the axon and speeds up the transmission of neural impulses.

Question 9

Which neurotransmitter is most closely linked to mood regulation and is often targeted by antidepressant medications?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Question 10

A neuron at rest has a membrane potential of approximately $$-70$$ millivolts. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The inside of the neuron is negatively charged compared to the outside.

Question 11

Which law states that a neuron either fires completely or not at all when the threshold is reached?

Accepted Answer

All-or-none law

Question 12

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of correlation not implying causation?

Accepted Answer

A study finds that students who drink more coffee tend to have better memory scores, but it does not prove that coffee causes improved memory.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of glial cells in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Support neurons and help with information processing

Question 14

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in muscle movement and is deficient in Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 15

If a neurotransmitter is inhibitory, what effect does it have on the postsynaptic neuron?

Accepted Answer

It prevents the neuron from firing by allowing negative ions in.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of reuptake in neurotransmission?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters are absorbed back into the presynaptic neuron for reuse.

Question 17

Which of the following is a key feature of the nervous system that allows for learning and adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Adaptability (neuroplasticity)

Question 18

A patient with multiple sclerosis experiences symptoms due to damage in which part of the neuron?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheath

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of interneurons?

Accepted Answer

They connect one neuron to another and are involved in processing within the CNS.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of applying the biopsychosocial approach in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Examining how genetic predisposition, cognitive patterns, and cultural influences interact to affect mental health.

Biology of Behavior I: Nervous System, Neurons, and Research Methods in Psychology

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