Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist?

Accepted Answer

A psychiatrist is a medical doctor who can prescribe medication, while a psychologist usually cannot prescribe medication.

Question 2

A researcher wants to study the effect of sleep deprivation on memory. She randomly assigns participants to either a group that sleeps 8 hours or a group that sleeps 4 hours, then tests their memory performance. In this experiment, what is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

The amount of sleep participants receive

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the placebo effect?

Accepted Answer

A change in a participant's behavior due to their belief in the treatment, even if the treatment is inactive

Question 4

A psychologist observes children playing in a park without interfering. Which research method is being used?

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation

Question 5

Which neurotransmitter is most closely associated with mood regulation and is often linked to depression when levels are low?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Question 6

Damage to which lobe of the cerebral cortex is most likely to result in difficulties with planning, decision-making, and impulse control?

Accepted Answer

Frontal lobe

Question 7

In Pavlov's classic experiment, what was the conditioned stimulus (CS)?

Accepted Answer

The bell

Question 8

A child learns to fear all large dogs after being bitten by a German Shepherd. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Stimulus generalization

Question 9

Which of the following best illustrates negative reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

Taking away chores when a child gets good grades

Question 10

According to Piaget, during which stage do children develop the ability to think logically about concrete events but struggle with abstract concepts?

Accepted Answer

Concrete operational stage

Question 11

A child who understands that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight has developed:

Accepted Answer

Object permanence

Question 12

Mary Ainsworth's 'secure' attachment style is characterized by which of the following behaviors in the Strange Situation?

Accepted Answer

The child is upset when the caregiver leaves and is easily comforted upon return.

Question 13

According to Erikson, the primary psychosocial task of adolescence is:

Accepted Answer

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Question 14

In Asch's classic study on conformity, participants were most likely to conform when:

Accepted Answer

They were in a group where everyone else gave the same incorrect answer

Question 15

The fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency to:

Accepted Answer

Overestimate the influence of personal traits and underestimate situational factors when explaining others' behavior

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality traits?

Accepted Answer

Intelligence

Question 17

According to Freud, which part of the personality operates on the 'reality principle' and mediates between the id and superego?

Accepted Answer

Ego

Question 18

A person who refuses to accept the reality of a painful event, such as the death of a loved one, is using which defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Denial

Question 19

Which of the following is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Hallucinations

Question 20

A person who experiences sudden, intense episodes of fear accompanied by physical symptoms such as heart palpitations and shortness of breath is most likely suffering from:

Accepted Answer

Panic Disorder

Comprehensive Study Notes: Introduction to Psychology (PSY 11) Final Exam Guide

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