Question 1

According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which of the following needs must be satisfied before an individual can focus on self-actualization?

Accepted Answer

Physiological needs and safety

Question 2

A psychologist is studying how children encode, store, and retrieve information over time. Which theoretical approach is she most likely using?

Accepted Answer

Information processing approach

Question 3

A child is able to roll over at 3 months, sit at 6 months, crawl at 8-10 months, and walk at 12 months. This sequence best illustrates which principle of development?

Accepted Answer

Cephalocaudal principle

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype is the underlying genetic makeup; phenotype is the observable trait

Question 5

A researcher wants to compare memory abilities in 10-year-olds, 20-year-olds, and 30-year-olds at the same point in time. Which research method is she using?

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional research

Question 6

According to Piaget, which stage of cognitive development is characterized by the ability to think logically about concrete events but not abstract concepts?

Accepted Answer

Concrete operational stage

Question 7

A child uses the word 'milk' to mean 'I want milk.' This is an example of which language development concept?

Accepted Answer

Holophrase

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a teratogen and its potential effect during prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol; fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

Question 9

According to Erikson's psychosocial stages, what is the primary conflict faced by infants (birth to 1 year)?

Accepted Answer

Trust vs mistrust

Question 10

A psychologist is interested in how a child's family, school, and community influence their development. Which theory best fits this approach?

Accepted Answer

Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the principle of independence of systems in development?

Accepted Answer

Different body systems grow at different rates

Question 12

A newborn is tested for appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration at 1 and 5 minutes after birth. What is this test called?

Accepted Answer

Apgar scale

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning as described by Pavlov?

Accepted Answer

A dog salivates when it hears a bell that has been paired with food

Question 14

A child is able to grasp objects with their fingers and thumb. This is an example of which type of motor skill?

Accepted Answer

Fine motor skill

Question 15

Which of the following best illustrates Vygotsky's sociocultural theory?

Accepted Answer

A child learns language through social interaction with parents

Question 16

A researcher follows a group of children from birth to age 18, measuring their cognitive abilities every two years. What type of research design is this?

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal

Question 17

Which of the following genetic disorders is caused by an extra chromosome in the 21st pair?

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome

Question 18

A child fits new information into existing mental frameworks. According to Piaget, this process is called:

Accepted Answer

Assimilation

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the concept of plasticity in brain development?

Accepted Answer

The brain's ability to adapt to experience

Question 20

A baby is born weighing less than 5.5 lbs but at full term. Which term best describes this infant?

Accepted Answer

Small-for-gestational-age infant

Foundations of Developmental Psychology: Key Concepts and Theories

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