Question 1

Which of the following best defines psychology?

Accepted Answer

The study of the mind and behavior through scientific methods.

Question 2

A researcher wants to test whether sleep deprivation affects memory. She randomly assigns participants to either a sleep-deprived group or a well-rested group and measures their memory performance. Which research design is she using?

Accepted Answer

Experimental design

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of scientific thinking in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Ruling out rival hypotheses when interpreting data

Question 4

Which school of psychology focuses on observable behaviors rather than internal mental processes?

Accepted Answer

Behaviorism

Question 5

A psychologist is interested in how genetic factors and environmental influences interact to shape behavior. Which approach is she using?

Accepted Answer

Biopsychosocial approach

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of external validity in a psychological study?

Accepted Answer

The extent to which study findings can be generalized to real-world settings

Question 7

A study finds a correlation coefficient of $$r = 0.85$$ between hours studied and exam scores. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

There is a strong positive relationship between hours studied and exam scores.

Question 8

Which of the following is a violation of research ethics in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Failing to obtain informed consent from participants

Question 9

Which part of the neuron receives incoming signals from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites

Question 10

Which neurotransmitter is most closely associated with mood regulation and is often linked to depression?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Question 11

A patient suffers damage to the hippocampus. Which function is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Formation of new memories

Question 12

Which of the following best illustrates neural plasticity?

Accepted Answer

A stroke patient regains movement in her arm after months of physical therapy

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype refers to genetic makeup; phenotype refers to observable traits.

Question 14

Which system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 15

Which gland is primarily responsible for regulating metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 16

Which sense is most directly involved in proprioception?

Accepted Answer

Sense of body position and movement

Question 17

Which process converts physical energy from the environment into neural signals?

Accepted Answer

Transduction

Question 18

A person is able to listen to music, read a book, and smell dinner cooking at the same time. Which concept does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Parallel processing

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of internal validity in a psychological experiment?

Accepted Answer

The degree to which the experiment measures what it intends to measure

Question 20

A researcher finds that children who eat breakfast score higher on tests, but does not control for socioeconomic status. What is the most likely problem with this study?

Accepted Answer

Confounding variable

Foundations of Psychology: Key Concepts and Study Guide

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