Question 1

Which of the following best describes classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response.

Question 2

In Pavlov’s experiment with dogs, what was the conditioned stimulus (CS)?

Accepted Answer

Bell

Question 3

A child receives a sticker every time they complete their homework. This is an example of which reinforcement schedule?

Accepted Answer

Fixed ratio

Question 4

Which psychologist is most closely associated with the Little Albert experiment?

Accepted Answer

John B. Watson

Question 5

What is the main difference between positive and negative reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

Positive reinforcement adds a pleasant stimulus, while negative reinforcement removes an unpleasant stimulus.

Question 6

A person develops a fear of all dogs after being bitten by one. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Stimulus generalization

Question 7

Which of the following best illustrates higher-order conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A cat salivates to the sound of a squeaky cabinet door after it has been paired with an electric can opener that signals food.

Question 8

Which schedule of reinforcement is most resistant to extinction?

Accepted Answer

Variable ratio

Question 9

In operant conditioning, what is the effect of punishment?

Accepted Answer

It decreases the likelihood of a behavior.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of negative punishment?

Accepted Answer

Giving a child a timeout for misbehavior.

Question 11

According to Bandura’s Bobo doll experiment, children who observed aggressive behavior were more likely to:

Accepted Answer

Imitate the aggressive behavior.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes habituation?

Accepted Answer

An organism gradually stops responding to a repeated stimulus.

Question 13

A person eats a new food and later becomes ill due to the flu, but develops a dislike for the food. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Learned taste aversion

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a principle of effective punishment?

Accepted Answer

It should be delayed until the behavior is repeated.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a fixed interval schedule?

Accepted Answer

A teacher gives a test every two weeks.

Question 16

According to Thorndike’s Law of Effect, behaviors followed by desirable outcomes are:

Accepted Answer

More likely to be repeated.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of extinction in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

The conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus, leading to a decrease in the conditioned response.

Question 18

A person fans themselves to escape the heat. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement

Question 19

Which of the following is a key difference between classical and operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning involves passive learning, while operant conditioning involves active learning.

Question 20

In the context of learning, what does the equation $$	ext{Behavior} + 	ext{Reinforcer} = 	ext{Repeated Behavior}$$ represent?

Accepted Answer

The process of reinforcement in operant conditioning

Learning: Classical, Operant, and Observational Conditioning

Study Guide - Practice Questions