Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between recall and recognition tasks in explicit memory tests?

Accepted Answer

Recall requires reproducing information without cues, while recognition involves identifying previously learned information from a list of options.

Question 2

A patient is able to ride a bicycle but cannot remember learning how to do so. This scenario best illustrates which type of memory?

Accepted Answer

Implicit memory

Question 3

According to the information-processing model, which sequence correctly represents the flow of information through the three-box model of memory?

Accepted Answer

Sensory register → Working memory → Long-term memory

Question 4

Which of the following best explains the serial-position effect observed when recalling items from a list?

Accepted Answer

Items at the beginning and end of the list are recalled better than those in the middle due to primacy and recency effects.

Question 5

Which brain structure is most critical for the formation of new explicit (declarative) memories?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Question 6

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is believed to be a key mechanism in memory formation because it:

Accepted Answer

Increases the strength of synaptic connections between neurons over time.

Question 7

A student studies for an exam by relating new information to concepts they already know, rather than simply repeating the material. This strategy is known as:

Accepted Answer

Elaborative rehearsal

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of cue-dependent forgetting?

Accepted Answer

Failing to recall a friend's name at a party, but remembering it when you see them at your usual coffee shop.

Question 9

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of source misattribution?

Accepted Answer

Believing you witnessed an event that you actually only heard about from someone else.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about flashbulb memories is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

They are vivid and emotionally charged, but still subject to distortion and forgetting.

Question 11

A person is unable to remember events from the first two years of life. This phenomenon is best explained by:

Accepted Answer

Childhood amnesia

Question 12

Which of the following is a plausible reason for childhood amnesia?

Accepted Answer

Immaturity of brain structures involved in memory encoding and retrieval.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between semantic and episodic memory?

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory involves general knowledge about the world, while episodic memory involves personal experiences.

Question 14

Which of the following is most likely to improve memory retention according to research on rehearsal?

Accepted Answer

Deep processing of meaning during encoding

Question 15

A person learns a new password and then forgets their old one. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Retroactive interference

Question 16

Which of the following is a key criticism of claims about repressed memories?

Accepted Answer

There is little empirical evidence supporting the idea that traumatic memories can be completely repressed and later recovered accurately.

Question 17

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates confabulation?

Accepted Answer

A person recalls details of an event that never happened because they have repeatedly imagined it.

Question 18

Eyewitness testimony is especially vulnerable to error when:

Accepted Answer

Suggestive comments are made during questioning.

Question 19

Which equation best represents the limited capacity of working memory as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

$$7 \pm 2$$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of adrenal hormones on memory?

Accepted Answer

They increase glucose levels in the bloodstream, which can enhance memory formation.

Memory: Processes, Systems, and Failures – Study Notes for Psychology

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