Question 1

Which of the following correctly describes the sequence of stages in prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

Conception → Zygote → Embryo → Fetus

Question 2

During which prenatal stage does the process of cell differentiation primarily occur, leading to the formation of the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm?

Accepted Answer

Embryonic stage

Question 3

Which structure is responsible for the exchange of nutrients and waste between the mother and fetus?

Accepted Answer

Placenta

Question 4

A deficiency in which nutrient is most closely associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects such as spina bifida?

Accepted Answer

Folic acid

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the cephalocaudal pattern of development?

Accepted Answer

Areas closer to the head develop earlier than those farther from the head

Question 6

A teratogen is most likely to cause significant damage during which period of prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

Embryonic stage

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of the amniotic sac?

Accepted Answer

Provides nutrients to the fetus

Question 8

Which process is described as 'use it or lose it,' where unused neural connections are eliminated during development?

Accepted Answer

Synaptic pruning

Question 9

Disruptions in neuronal migration during prenatal development have been linked to which of the following disorders?

Accepted Answer

Schizophrenia, dyslexia, and autism

Question 10

Which of the following equations best represents the total number of chromosomes in a human zygote?

Accepted Answer

$$23 + 23 = 46$$

Question 11

Which maternal risk factor is associated with both very young (35 years) maternal age?

Accepted Answer

Higher likelihood of chromosomal abnormalities

Question 12

Which of the following best explains the concept of neuroplasticity in the developing brain?

Accepted Answer

The brain's capacity to reorganize and fine-tune neural circuits based on input and experience

Question 13

A fetus exposed to high levels of maternal stress may experience which of the following physiological changes?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate

Question 14

Which of the following statements about synaptogenesis is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is most active from prenatal week 28 to about 2 years of age

Question 15

Which brain region matures last during postnatal development, affecting executive functions such as planning and attention?

Accepted Answer

Frontal lobe

Question 16

Which of the following is a benefit of neuroplasticity in the developing brain?

Accepted Answer

It allows for better recovery from brain injury

Question 17

A child who experienced early language deprivation (e.g., feral child) is most likely to show deficits due to which property of neuroplasticity?

Accepted Answer

The susceptibility of highly plastic systems to deficit with atypical experiences

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of myelination in neural development?

Accepted Answer

It speeds up communication between neurons

Question 19

If a fetus is exposed to rubella during the critical period of organ formation, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of congenital abnormalities

Question 20

Which of the following best illustrates the dose-response relationship in teratogen exposure?

Accepted Answer

The severity of damage increases as the amount of exposure increases

Prenatal Development: Stages, Processes, and Brain Development

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