Question 1

According to cognitive dissonance theory, what is the primary motivation for attitude change when a person behaves in a way that contradicts their beliefs?

Accepted Answer

To reduce psychological discomfort caused by inconsistency

Question 2

In Festinger’s peg board study, why did participants who received $$1 for lying rate the boring task as more enjoyable than those who received 20$$?

Accepted Answer

Because $1 was seen as insufficient justification, leading to attitude change to reduce dissonance

Question 3

Which of the following best illustrates the 'foot-in-the-door' technique described by Cialdini?

Accepted Answer

A salesperson offers a free trial membership before asking for a full subscription

Question 4

Which principle of persuasion is at work when a political candidate emphasizes their shared background with voters?

Accepted Answer

Affinity principle

Question 5

According to realistic conflict theory, what is the primary source of intergroup hostility?

Accepted Answer

Competition over scarce resources

Question 6

In the Robbers Cave study, what intervention was most effective in reducing intergroup hostility?

Accepted Answer

Providing a superordinate goal that required cooperation

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a factor that increases the likelihood of groupthink, according to Janis?

Accepted Answer

Encouraging dissent and critical evaluation

Question 8

A company’s board of directors ignores warnings from outside consultants and unanimously agrees on a risky business strategy. Which social psychological phenomenon does this best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Groupthink

Question 9

During the 1938 'War of the Worlds' broadcast, why did so many people believe the Martian invasion was real, according to contagion theory?

Accepted Answer

They inferred reality from the panicked behavior of others

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the 'door-in-the-face' technique?

Accepted Answer

Making a large request expecting refusal, then following with a smaller request

Question 11

A person agrees to a small favor and later feels compelled to agree to a larger, related request. Which psychological principle is most directly involved?

Accepted Answer

Commitment and consistency

Question 12

Which of the following is a key strategy for a minority to influence the majority in group decision-making, according to Moscovici?

Accepted Answer

Presenting high-quality, consistent arguments

Question 13

Which scenario best illustrates the concept of 'lowballing' in sales?

Accepted Answer

A customer agrees to buy a car at a low price, then is told the price must be raised after they have mentally committed

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why people may act irrationally during mass panics, according to contagion theory?

Accepted Answer

They rely on the behavior of others as evidence for reality

Question 15

A group of employees forms strong in-group bonds and begins to view all outsiders as less competent. According to social psychology, what process is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

In-group/out-group bias

Question 16

Which of the following is a common misconception about cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

That cognitive dissonance refers to the inconsistency itself, rather than the psychological discomfort caused by it

Question 17

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between cognitive dissonance ($$D$$), the magnitude of inconsistency ($$I$$), and the importance of the issue ($$M$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$D = I 	imes M$$

Question 18

A group is more likely to avoid groupthink if:

Accepted Answer

It encourages open dissent and considers outside perspectives

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the 'bait-and-switch' technique?

Accepted Answer

Advertising a low-priced item to attract customers, then encouraging them to buy a higher-priced alternative when the original is unavailable

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of a superordinate goal reducing intergroup conflict?

Accepted Answer

Rival political parties working together to respond to a national emergency

Social Psychology II: Attitude Change, Group Behavior, and Collective Phenomena

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