Question 1

Which of the following best defines psychology according to the modern perspective?

Accepted Answer

The scientific study of human behavior and mental or cognitive processes.

Question 2

Which branch of psychology is primarily concerned with how people grow and change throughout their lifespan, from prenatal stages to old age?

Accepted Answer

Developmental Psychology

Question 3

A nurse is helping a patient cope with hospitalization by understanding their unique reactions and supporting their coping mechanisms. Which psychological concept is the nurse applying?

Accepted Answer

Psychology in relation to nursing

Question 4

According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs must be satisfied first before higher-level needs can be addressed?

Accepted Answer

Physiological needs

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality traits?

Accepted Answer

Introversion

Question 6

A patient who blames the hospital staff for their own mistake is most likely using which defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Projection

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the 'ego' in Freud’s structure of personality?

Accepted Answer

It mediates between the id and the superego, operating on the reality principle.

Question 8

In Erikson’s psychosocial theory, which stage is characterized by the challenge of developing a sense of identity versus role confusion?

Accepted Answer

Adolescence

Question 9

Which learning theory is most associated with Ivan Pavlov’s experiments involving dogs and the salivation response?

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning

Question 10

A child who starts wetting the bed again after the birth of a sibling is demonstrating which defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Regression

Question 11

Which of the following is a key difference between a psychiatrist and a psychologist?

Accepted Answer

A psychiatrist is a medical doctor (M.D.) and can prescribe medication.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of proactive interference in memory?

Accepted Answer

Prior learning of an old password disrupts recall of a new password.

Question 13

A nurse observes that a patient is using humor to cope with a terminal diagnosis. According to defense mechanisms, this is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Sublimation

Question 14

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of observational learning as proposed by Albert Bandura?

Accepted Answer

A student learns to solve math problems by watching a teacher demonstrate the steps.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a typical physiological response to stress?

Accepted Answer

Improved digestion

Question 16

A patient who refuses to accept a terminal diagnosis despite clear medical evidence is most likely exhibiting which defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Denial

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the 'superego' in Freud’s structure of personality?

Accepted Answer

It contains moral standards and social rules internalized from parents and society.

Question 18

According to Erikson, which stage is associated with the development of autonomy versus shame and doubt?

Accepted Answer

Early childhood (18 months-3 years)

Question 19

Which of the following is a primary aim of crisis intervention in nursing?

Accepted Answer

To restore the person to pre-crisis level of functioning and order.

Question 20

A nurse is working with a patient who is experiencing anxiety due to hospitalization. Which of the following strategies is most appropriate for the nurse to use?

Accepted Answer

Assess the patient's coping mechanisms and provide emotional support.

Foundations of Psychology: Concepts, History, and Scope

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