Question 1

Which of the following best describes the subjectivist (interpretivist) approach to deviance?

Accepted Answer

Deviance is a social construction, determined by societal reactions and labels applied to acts, people, or ideas.

Question 2

According to Durkheim, which function of deviance helps society determine its boundaries?

Accepted Answer

Boundary setting

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of defining deviance by statistical rarity?

Accepted Answer

Statistical rarity always aligns with societal perceptions of deviance.

Question 4

In Sutherland’s Differential Association Theory, which factor increases the likelihood of someone becoming deviant?

Accepted Answer

Exposure to more definitions favoring violation of laws and norms.

Question 5

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'denial of injury' in Sykes & Matza’s Neutralization Theory?

Accepted Answer

Stating that the crime did not harm anyone because the victim is wealthy.

Question 6

According to Hirschi’s Social Bonds Theory, which bond is most likely to prevent deviant behavior by making individuals not want to disappoint others?

Accepted Answer

Attachment

Question 7

Which scenario best exemplifies Lemert’s concept of secondary deviance?

Accepted Answer

A person is caught shoplifting, is labeled as a thief, and their opportunities and relationships are negatively impacted.

Question 8

Which of the following is a criticism of Sutherland’s Differential Association Theory addressed by Glaser’s Differential Identification Theory?

Accepted Answer

Sutherland does not account for indirect influences, such as learning deviance from media.

Question 9

According to Merton’s Classic Strain Theory, which adaptation describes someone who accepts societal goals but uses illegitimate means to achieve them?

Accepted Answer

Innovator

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'master status' in Goffman’s labelling theory?

Accepted Answer

A status that overrides all other statuses and shapes how others perceive an individual.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of 'courtesy stigma' as described by Goffman?

Accepted Answer

A family member is stigmatized because they are associated with someone labeled as deviant.

Question 12

According to Marxist conflict theory, which group is most likely to define what is considered criminal in society?

Accepted Answer

The bourgeoisie

Question 13

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'false consciousness' in conflict theory?

Accepted Answer

The powerless accept their subordinate position, believing the system works in their favor.

Question 14

Which of the following is a key assumption of social control theories?

Accepted Answer

Deviance occurs when forces of conformity break down.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the 'claims-making game' in the social construction of deviance?

Accepted Answer

A process where claim makers use persuasion and influence to convince society that an issue is deviant or not.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT one of the four types of social control described in Nye’s Family Ties Theory?

Accepted Answer

Genetic control

Question 17

According to Durkheim’s theory of suicide, which type is associated with over-regulation and lack of personal agency?

Accepted Answer

Fatalistic suicide

Question 18

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'role taking' in symbolic interactionism?

Accepted Answer

Imagining yourself in another person's position to understand their perspective.

Question 19

Which of the following is a criticism of the Heredity Theory as described by Arthur Estabrook?

Accepted Answer

It argues that no amount of social conditioning can overcome one's genetics, leading to controversial solutions like sterilization.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of 'stigmatization' in Goffman’s labelling theory?

Accepted Answer

The process of exclusion that follows the application of a deviant master status.

Sociological Theories of Deviance: Objectivist, Subjectivist, Positivist, Interpretive, and Critical Approaches

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