A regional sales director wants to determine whether different customer service training programs lead to different levels of employee performance across three branches. Each branch uses one of the following training programs: Program A. Program B, or Program C. After one month, the director measures the performance score (out of 100) for 5 randomly selected employees from each branch. Using , perform a one-way ANOVA to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference in mean performance among the three training programs.
Table of contents
- 1. Intro to Stats and Collecting Data55m
- 2. Describing Data with Tables and Graphs1h 55m
- 3. Describing Data Numerically1h 45m
- 4. Probability2h 16m
- 5. Binomial Distribution & Discrete Random Variables2h 33m
- 6. Normal Distribution and Continuous Random Variables1h 38m
- 7. Sampling Distributions & Confidence Intervals: Mean1h 53m
- 8. Sampling Distributions & Confidence Intervals: Proportion1h 12m
- 9. Hypothesis Testing for One Sample2h 19m
- 10. Hypothesis Testing for Two Samples3h 22m
- 11. Correlation1h 6m
- 12. Regression1h 4m
- 13. Chi-Square Tests & Goodness of Fit1h 20m
- 14. ANOVA1h 0m
14. ANOVA
Introduction to ANOVA
Problem 10.4.1
Textbook Question
State the null and alternative hypotheses for a one-way ANOVA test.

1
Understand the purpose of a one-way ANOVA test: It is used to determine whether there are statistically significant differences between the means of three or more independent groups.
Define the null hypothesis (H₀): The null hypothesis states that all group means are equal. In mathematical terms, H₀: μ₁ = μ₂ = μ₃ = ... = μₖ, where μ represents the population mean for each group and k is the number of groups.
Define the alternative hypothesis (Hₐ): The alternative hypothesis states that at least one group mean is different from the others. In mathematical terms, Hₐ: Not all μ₁, μ₂, ..., μₖ are equal.
Recognize that the hypotheses are tested using the F-statistic, which compares the variance between group means to the variance within groups.
Ensure clarity in stating the hypotheses: The null hypothesis represents no effect or no difference, while the alternative hypothesis represents the presence of a difference among group means.

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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Null Hypothesis (H0)
The null hypothesis (H0) in a one-way ANOVA test posits that there are no significant differences among the group means being compared. It serves as a baseline assumption that any observed differences are due to random chance rather than a true effect. In the context of ANOVA, H0 states that all group means are equal.
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Step 1: Write Hypotheses
Alternative Hypothesis (H1)
The alternative hypothesis (H1) in a one-way ANOVA test suggests that at least one group mean is different from the others. This hypothesis is what researchers aim to support through their analysis, indicating that there is a statistically significant effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. H1 is accepted if the evidence suggests that the null hypothesis can be rejected.
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Step 1: Write Hypotheses
One-Way ANOVA
One-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) is a statistical method used to compare means across three or more groups based on one independent variable. It assesses whether the means of different groups are statistically significantly different from each other. The test calculates an F-statistic, which helps determine if the observed variance among group means is greater than the variance within the groups, indicating a potential effect of the independent variable.
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