1. Intro to Stats and Collecting Data

In Exercises 4 and 5, determine whether the number is a parameter or a statistic. Explain your reasoning.

In 2021, the median annual salary of a first-year chemist was \$58,700.

Which part of the survey described in Exercise 31 represents the descriptive branch of statistics? What conclusions might be drawn from the survey using inferential statistics?

Determine whether the data are qualitative or quantitative, and determine the level of measurement of the data set. Explain your reasoning.

The numbers of employees at fast-food restaurants in a city are listed.

20 11 6 31 17 23 12 18 40 22 13 8 18 14 37 32 25 27 25 18

"Determine whether the statement is true or false. If it is false, rewrite it as a true statement.

A statistic is a numerical description of a population characteristic."

"Determine whether the statement is true or false. If it is false, rewrite it as a true statement.

For data at the interval level, you cannot calculate meaningful differences between data entries."

"Determine whether the data are qualitative or quantitative. Explain your reasoning.

Distances of track events"

A study showed an association between intentional weight loss and a decreased risk of high blood pressure. Is it appropriate to infer from this study that weight loss causes a decreased risk of high blood pressure? Explain. (Source: European Association for the Study of Obesity)

"In Problems 3–10, determine whether the underlined value is a parameter or a statistic.

School Bullies In a national survey of 1300 high school students (grades 9 to 12), 32% of respondents reported that someone had bullied them at school. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics"

"In Problems 19–26, determine whether the quantitative variable is discrete or continuous

Volume of water lost each day through a leaky faucet"

"In Problems 35–40, a research objective is presented. For each, identify the population and sample in the study.

The Gallup Organization contacts 1028 teenagers who are 13 to 17 years of age and live in the United States and asks whether or not they had been prescribed medications for any mental disorders, such as depression or anxiety."

"In Problems 35–40, a research objective is presented. For each, identify the population and sample in the study.

39. **Folate and Hypertension** Researchers want to determine whether or not higher folate intake is associated with a lower risk of hypertension (high blood pressure) in women (27 to 44 years of age). To make this determination, they look at 7373 cases of hypertension in these women and find that those who consume at least 1000 micrograms per day (\(\mu\)g/d) of total folate had a decreased risk of hypertension compared with those who consume less than 200 \(\mu\)g/d. *Source: John P. Forman, MD; Eric B. Rimm, ScD; Meir J. Stampfer, MD; Gary C. Curhan, MD, ScD, ""Folate Intake and the Risk of Incident Hypertension among US Women,"" Journal of the American Medical Association 293:320–329, 2005.*"

"Use the Internet? The Gallup organization conducted a survey in which 1025 randomly sampled adult Americans were asked, “How much time, if at all, do you personally spend using the Internet—more than 1 hour a day, up to 1 hour a day, a few times a week, a few times a month or less, or never?” The results of the survey were as follows:

f. A local news broadcast reported that 37% of adult Americans use the Internet more than 1 hour a day. What is wrong with this statement?"

"Sleepy Suppose you want to study the number of hours of sleep you get each evening. To do so, you look at the calendar and randomly select 10 days out of the next 300 days and record the number of hours you sleep.

c. After you obtain your ten nights of data, you compute the mean number of hours of sleep. Is this a statistic or a parameter? Why?"

"Insurance and Credit Scores A study by InsuranceQuotes.com found that homeowners with poor credit pay 91% more for home insurance than people with excellent credit.

a. A quote in the article stated, “Insurers have found a direct correlation between a consumer’s credit and the likelihood that he or she will make a home (or auto) claim.” Explain what is wrong with this quote."

"In Problems 3–10, determine whether the underlined value is a parameter or a statistic.

State Government Following the 2018 national midterm election, 18% of the governors of the 50 United States were female. Source: National Governors Association"