4. Probability

If arrivals occur according to a $\mathrm{Poisson}$ distribution with an average of $1$ arrival every $20$ minutes, what is the probability that exactly $2$ arrivals occur in a $40$-minute period?

Which of the following represents a valid probability distribution?

Epidemiologists can attempt to deal with confounding in a study by all but which of the following?

Which of the following probability statements represents a cumulative probability?

For mutually exclusive events A and B, the joint probability $P(A\cap B)$ is:

In the context of probability, which statement best describes a $\mathrm{marginal}\mathrm{distribution}$ as compared to a $\mathrm{conditional}\mathrm{distribution}$?

In the context of basic probability and statistics, which two of the following are considered primary sources of data?

Suppose the probability that it rains on a given day is $0.3$. What is the probability that it does not rain on that day?

In the context of probability and statistics, primary data are —.

In probability theory, what is the probability of an event that is certain to occur?

Which of the following is a characteristic of nonprobability sampling?

If $134$ students in a class of $200$ passed an exam, what percent of the class passed?

In a study, the mean height of all students in a university is calculated using the heights of every student. Is this value a parameter or a statistic?

Nonresponse bias occurs when which of the following happens in a probability sample?