In Exercises 39–42, use double- and half-angle formulas to find the exact value of each expression. cos² 15° - sin² 15°
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Recognize that the expression \( \cos^2 15^\circ - \sin^2 15^\circ \) matches the form of the cosine double-angle identity, which states: \( \cos 2\theta = \cos^2 \theta - \sin^2 \theta \).
Identify \( \theta = 15^\circ \) in the given expression, so the expression simplifies to \( \cos 2 \times 15^\circ = \cos 30^\circ \).
Recall the exact value of \( \cos 30^\circ \), which can be found using special right triangles or known trigonometric values.
Use the known exact value of \( \cos 30^\circ \) to express the final answer in simplest radical form.
Write the final exact value of the original expression \( \cos^2 15^\circ - \sin^2 15^\circ \) using the result from the double-angle formula.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Double-Angle Formulas
Double-angle formulas express trigonometric functions of twice an angle in terms of functions of the original angle. For cosine, the formula cos(2θ) = cos²θ - sin²θ directly relates to the given expression, allowing simplification by recognizing the pattern.
Certain angles like 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60° have known exact trigonometric values involving square roots. Knowing or deriving these values is essential to find precise results without approximations when evaluating expressions like cos(15°) or sin(15°).
Half-angle formulas allow calculation of trigonometric functions of half an angle using the functions of the full angle. They are useful for breaking down angles like 15° into 30°/2, facilitating the evaluation of sine and cosine values needed in the problem.