In Exercises 53–54, let f(x) = 2 sec x, g(x) = −2 tan x, and h(x) = 2x − π/2. Graph two periods of y = (f∘h)(x).
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Understand the composition of functions: The function \( (f \circ h)(x) \) means \( f(h(x)) \). Given \( f(x) = 2 \sec x \) and \( h(x) = 2x - \frac{\pi}{2} \), substitute \( h(x) \) into \( f \) to get \( (f \circ h)(x) = 2 \sec(2x - \frac{\pi}{2}) \).
Recall the period of the secant function: The basic secant function \( \sec x \) has a period of \( 2\pi \). When the argument is modified to \( 2x - \frac{\pi}{2} \), the period changes according to the coefficient of \( x \).
Calculate the new period: For a function \( \sec(bx + c) \), the period is \( \frac{2\pi}{|b|} \). Here, \( b = 2 \), so the period of \( \sec(2x - \frac{\pi}{2}) \) is \( \frac{2\pi}{2} = \pi \).
Determine the interval for two periods: Since one period is \( \pi \), two periods will span \( 2 \times \pi = 2\pi \). So, the graph of \( y = 2 \sec(2x - \frac{\pi}{2}) \) should be drawn over an interval of length \( 2\pi \) in \( x \).
Identify key points and asymptotes: To graph the function, find where the argument \( 2x - \frac{\pi}{2} \) equals values that cause vertical asymptotes in \( \sec \), such as \( \frac{\pi}{2} + k\pi \), and plot points accordingly to capture the shape over two periods.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Function Composition
Function composition involves applying one function to the result of another, denoted as (f∘h)(x) = f(h(x)). Understanding how to substitute h(x) into f(x) is essential for rewriting and analyzing the composite function before graphing.
The secant function, sec x, is the reciprocal of cosine, sec x = 1/cos x. It has vertical asymptotes where cos x = 0 and a period of 2π. Knowing its shape, asymptotes, and period helps in accurately graphing transformations of sec x.
The period of a composite function like f(h(x)) depends on the inner function h(x). For h(x) = 2x − π/2, the horizontal scaling affects the period of sec x. Calculating the new period is crucial to graphing the function over the correct interval.