Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

8. Joints

Joint Movements

Anatomy & Physiology

8. Joints

Joint Movements

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2:15 minutes

Problem 15

Textbook Question

Decreasing the angle between bones is termed
(a) Flexion
(b) Extension
(c) Abduction
(d) Adduction
(e) Hyperextension

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the concept of joint movement. Joint movements are categorized based on how bones move relative to each other. Terms like flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and hyperextension describe specific types of movements.

Step 2: Define flexion. Flexion refers to a movement that decreases the angle between two bones at a joint. For example, bending the elbow or knee reduces the angle between the bones involved.

Step 3: Define extension. Extension is the opposite of flexion and involves increasing the angle between two bones at a joint, such as straightening the elbow or knee.

Step 4: Define abduction and adduction. Abduction refers to moving a limb away from the midline of the body, while adduction refers to moving it toward the midline. These terms are not related to angle changes between bones.

Step 5: Define hyperextension. Hyperextension refers to extending a joint beyond its normal range of motion, which can sometimes lead to injury. This is also unrelated to decreasing the angle between bones.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Flexion

Flexion is a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts, typically occurring at joints. For example, bending the elbow or knee reduces the angle between the forearm and upper arm or between the thigh and lower leg, respectively. This movement is essential in various physical activities and is a fundamental concept in anatomy and physiology.

Anatomical Terms of Movement

Anatomical terms of movement describe the various ways in which body parts can move relative to one another. These terms include flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and hyperextension, each defining specific movements. Understanding these terms is crucial for accurately describing physical actions and for studying human anatomy.

Joint Mechanics

Joint mechanics refers to the study of how joints function and the types of movements they allow. Different joints permit various ranges of motion, and understanding these mechanics is vital for fields such as physical therapy, sports science, and anatomy. Flexion, as a specific joint movement, is a key aspect of joint mechanics.