Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

8. Joints

Joint Movements

Anatomy & Physiology

8. Joints

Joint Movements

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2:26 minutes

Problem 20

Textbook Question

List all six possible movements that can occur at the shoulder joint and name the prime mover(s) of each movement. Then name their antagonists.

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Identify the six possible movements at the shoulder joint. These include flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, and lateral rotation. Each movement occurs in a specific plane and involves particular muscles as prime movers.

Step 2: For shoulder flexion, the prime mover is the pectoralis major (clavicular head) and anterior deltoid. The antagonist muscles are the latissimus dorsi and posterior deltoid, which perform extension.

Step 3: For shoulder extension, the prime mover is the latissimus dorsi and posterior deltoid. The antagonist muscles are the pectoralis major (clavicular head) and anterior deltoid, which perform flexion.

Step 4: For shoulder abduction, the prime mover is the deltoid (middle fibers) and supraspinatus. The antagonist muscles are the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, which perform adduction.

Step 5: For shoulder adduction, the prime mover is the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi. The antagonist muscles are the deltoid (middle fibers) and supraspinatus, which perform abduction. Similarly, for medial rotation, the prime movers are the subscapularis and teres major, while the antagonists are the infraspinatus and teres minor, which perform lateral rotation.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Shoulder Joint Movements

The shoulder joint allows for a wide range of movements due to its ball-and-socket structure. The six primary movements include flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation. Understanding these movements is essential for identifying the muscles involved and their roles during various activities.

Prime Movers

Prime movers, or agonists, are the muscles primarily responsible for producing a specific movement at a joint. For example, the deltoid is the prime mover for shoulder abduction, while the pectoralis major is the prime mover for shoulder flexion. Recognizing these muscles helps in understanding how movements are executed and the mechanics of the shoulder.

Antagonists

Antagonists are muscles that oppose the action of the prime movers, providing balance and control during movement. For instance, during shoulder flexion, the latissimus dorsi acts as an antagonist. Identifying antagonists is crucial for understanding muscle coordination and the overall function of the shoulder joint.