Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

25. The Urinary System

Renal Physiology: Regulation of Glomerular Filtration

Anatomy & Physiology

25. The Urinary System

Renal Physiology: Regulation of Glomerular Filtration

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Multiple Choice

Which kidney process is always active and always requires energy to occur?

Osmosis of water in the descending limb

Active transport of sodium in the proximal tubule

Facilitated diffusion of glucose

Glomerular filtration

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the processes listed in the question: Each option represents a different mechanism involved in kidney function. Identify which processes require energy (active) and which do not (passive).

Review the concept of active transport: Active transport is a process that moves substances against their concentration gradient, requiring energy in the form of ATP. This is a key feature of the sodium transport in the proximal tubule.

Analyze the role of sodium transport in the proximal tubule: Sodium ions are actively transported out of the tubular cells into the interstitial fluid using sodium-potassium pumps, which require ATP. This process is crucial for reabsorbing sodium and maintaining electrolyte balance.

Compare with the other options: Osmosis of water in the descending limb is a passive process driven by concentration gradients. Facilitated diffusion of glucose is also passive, relying on carrier proteins but not ATP. Glomerular filtration is a passive process driven by blood pressure.

Conclude that the correct answer is the active transport of sodium in the proximal tubule, as it is the only process listed that is always active and requires energy in the form of ATP.

3:18m

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Textbook Question

Mr. Yao is a patient with kidney disease who presents to your clinic for monitoring. You notice on his chart that his GFR was estimated through inulin administration to be about 35 ml/min. What does this tell you about the health of his kidneys? Mr. Yao is taking a medication that is normally excreted from the body in the urine. You order blood work and find that the concentration of this medication in his plasma is much higher than normal. How does his decreased GFR explain the elevated level of medication in his plasma?

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