Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

21. The Immune System

Introduction to Adaptive Immunity

Anatomy & Physiology

21. The Immune System

Introduction to Adaptive Immunity

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Multiple Choice

What makes agglutination by antibodies possible?

The production of antibodies by T cells

The activation of the complement system

The ability of antibodies to bind multiple antigens simultaneously

The phagocytosis of pathogens by macrophages

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the structure of antibodies: Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are Y-shaped proteins produced by B cells. Each antibody has two identical antigen-binding sites at the tips of the 'Y'.

Recognize the function of antibodies: Antibodies bind to specific antigens, which are molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria and viruses. This binding is highly specific, akin to a lock and key mechanism.

Explore the concept of agglutination: Agglutination is the clumping of particles. In the immune response, agglutination refers to the clumping of pathogens by antibodies, which makes it easier for immune cells to target and eliminate them.

Identify the role of antibodies in agglutination: The ability of antibodies to bind multiple antigens simultaneously is crucial for agglutination. Each antibody can bind to two antigens, allowing it to link multiple pathogens together, forming a clump.

Differentiate from other immune processes: While T cells, the complement system, and macrophages play important roles in the immune response, agglutination specifically relies on the multivalent binding capability of antibodies to cross-link antigens on different pathogens.