Table of contents

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1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

21. The Immune System

Introduction to Cell Communication

Anatomy & Physiology

21. The Immune System

Introduction to Cell Communication

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Multiple Choice

In the context of cell communication, downstream activation of which proteins leads to apoptosis?

Caspases

Kinases

G-proteins

Cyclins

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Verified step by step guidance

Begin by understanding the concept of apoptosis, which is a form of programmed cell death crucial for maintaining healthy tissue homeostasis.

Identify the key proteins involved in the apoptosis pathway. Caspases are a family of protease enzymes that play essential roles in the execution phase of cell apoptosis.

Recognize that kinases are enzymes that modify other proteins by chemically adding phosphate groups, but they are not directly involved in the execution of apoptosis.

Understand that G-proteins are involved in signal transduction but do not directly lead to apoptosis. They are more involved in transmitting signals from outside the cell to the inside.

Cyclins are proteins associated with the regulation of the cell cycle, not apoptosis. Therefore, focus on caspases as the primary proteins leading to apoptosis.