Multiple Choice
Which hormone is responsible for lowering blood calcium levels?
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16. The Endocrine System
Introduction to the Endocrine System
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The adrenal cortex synthesizes more than 25 different ______.
A
neurotransmitters
B
amino acids
C
peptide hormones
D
steroid hormones
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the function of the adrenal cortex: The adrenal cortex is the outer layer of the adrenal glands, responsible for producing hormones that regulate various physiological processes, including metabolism, immune response, and electrolyte balance.
Recall the types of hormones synthesized by the adrenal cortex: The adrenal cortex primarily produces steroid hormones, which are derived from cholesterol. These include glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol), mineralocorticoids (e.g., aldosterone), and androgens.
Differentiate steroid hormones from other options: Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers in the nervous system, amino acids are building blocks of proteins, and peptide hormones are composed of amino acid chains. Steroid hormones, on the other hand, are lipid-based and synthesized in the adrenal cortex.
Connect the synthesis process to the adrenal cortex: The adrenal cortex uses cholesterol as a precursor to synthesize steroid hormones through enzymatic reactions in its three layers: zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis.
Conclude that the correct answer is steroid hormones based on the anatomical and physiological role of the adrenal cortex in hormone production.
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