Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

16. The Endocrine System

Membrane Bound Receptors and Secondary Messengers

Anatomy & Physiology

16. The Endocrine System

Membrane Bound Receptors and Secondary Messengers

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Multiple Choice

Which of these acts as a second messenger in cellular signaling pathways?

Insulin

cAMP (cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate)

Phospholipase C

G-protein

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the concept of second messengers: Second messengers are molecules that relay signals received at receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell, in the cytoplasm or nucleus.

Identify the role of cAMP: Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) is a common second messenger used in many biological processes. It is derived from ATP and is involved in the activation of protein kinases.

Differentiate between primary and secondary messengers: Primary messengers are extracellular signaling molecules like hormones and neurotransmitters, while secondary messengers like cAMP are intracellular signaling molecules.

Recognize the function of cAMP in signaling pathways: cAMP is synthesized from ATP by the enzyme adenylate cyclase, which is activated by G-proteins. It then activates protein kinase A (PKA), leading to a cascade of cellular responses.

Conclude why cAMP is the correct answer: Among the options provided, cAMP is the only molecule that acts as a second messenger, relaying signals from the cell surface to the inside of the cell.