Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

14. The Autonomic Nervous System

Sympathetic Nervous System

Anatomy & Physiology

14. The Autonomic Nervous System

Sympathetic Nervous System

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Multiple Choice

How does the body prolong the effects of the sympathetic nervous system during shock?

By stimulating insulin secretion from the pancreas

By decreasing heart rate and blood pressure

By releasing epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla

By increasing parasympathetic nerve activity

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS): The SNS is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response, which prepares the body to respond to stress or danger by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and energy availability.

Learn about the adrenal medulla: The adrenal medulla is a part of the adrenal glands located above the kidneys. It plays a key role in the SNS by releasing hormones such as epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline).

Recognize the function of epinephrine and norepinephrine: These hormones act as chemical messengers that prolong and amplify the effects of the SNS by increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and mobilizing energy stores.

Eliminate incorrect options: Stimulating insulin secretion from the pancreas would lower blood glucose levels, which is counterproductive during shock. Decreasing heart rate and blood pressure is a parasympathetic response, not sympathetic. Increasing parasympathetic nerve activity would oppose the SNS effects.

Conclude that the correct mechanism for prolonging the effects of the SNS during shock is the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla, as these hormones sustain the body's 'fight or flight' response.