Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

14. The Autonomic Nervous System

Sympathetic Nervous System

Anatomy & Physiology

14. The Autonomic Nervous System

Sympathetic Nervous System

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Multiple Choice

How does the body prolong the effects of the sympathetic nervous system during shock?

By increasing parasympathetic nerve activity

By stimulating insulin secretion from the pancreas

By decreasing heart rate and blood pressure

By releasing epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS): The SNS is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response, which prepares the body to respond to stress or danger. During shock, the SNS is activated to maintain blood pressure and perfusion to vital organs.

Recognize the role of the adrenal medulla: The adrenal medulla is a part of the adrenal glands located above the kidneys. It plays a key role in the SNS by releasing hormones that amplify its effects.

Identify the hormones involved: The adrenal medulla releases epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). These hormones act as chemical messengers to prolong and enhance the effects of the SNS during shock.

Understand the physiological effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine: These hormones increase heart rate, contractility, and blood pressure, while also redirecting blood flow to essential organs like the brain and heart. They also mobilize energy stores to ensure the body has sufficient resources to respond to stress.

Connect the mechanism to the problem: During shock, the body prolongs the effects of the SNS by releasing epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla. This mechanism ensures that the body can maintain vital functions and respond effectively to the stress of shock.