Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System

Ions - Sodium and Potassium

Anatomy & Physiology

11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System

Ions - Sodium and Potassium

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Multiple Choice

Which ions are necessary for both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of the coagulation cascade?

Magnesium ions

Potassium ions

Sodium ions

Calcium ions

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the coagulation cascade: The coagulation cascade is a series of events that lead to the formation of a blood clot. It consists of two pathways: intrinsic and extrinsic, which converge into a common pathway.

Identify the role of ions in the coagulation cascade: Ions play a crucial role in various physiological processes, including the coagulation cascade. They act as cofactors that are necessary for the activation of certain enzymes involved in the cascade.

Focus on calcium ions: Calcium ions (

{Ca}^{2}

) are essential for both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. They are required for the activation of several clotting factors, including factor IV, which is calcium itself.

Explore the intrinsic pathway: In the intrinsic pathway, calcium ions are necessary for the activation of factors IX and X, which are crucial for the progression of the cascade.

Explore the extrinsic pathway: In the extrinsic pathway, calcium ions are required for the activation of factor VII, which then activates factor X, leading to the common pathway and ultimately clot formation.