Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Introduction to Chemical Bonding

Anatomy & Physiology

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Introduction to Chemical Bonding

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Problem 12

Textbook Question

With respect to their solubility in water, substances with nonpolar covalent bonds are, while substances with polar covalent and ionic bonds are.

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the concept of solubility: Solubility in water depends on the chemical nature of the substance. Water is a polar solvent, meaning it has regions of partial positive and negative charges due to its molecular structure.

Review the nature of nonpolar covalent bonds: Nonpolar covalent bonds occur when electrons are shared equally between atoms, resulting in no significant charge separation. Substances with nonpolar covalent bonds are hydrophobic (water-fearing) and do not dissolve well in water.

Examine the nature of polar covalent bonds: Polar covalent bonds occur when electrons are shared unequally between atoms, creating partial positive and negative charges. Substances with polar covalent bonds are hydrophilic (water-loving) and tend to dissolve in water.

Understand ionic bonds: Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons, creating positively charged cations and negatively charged anions. These charged particles interact strongly with water molecules, making ionic compounds generally soluble in water.

Summarize the relationship: Substances with nonpolar covalent bonds are insoluble in water, while substances with polar covalent and ionic bonds are soluble in water due to their ability to interact with the polar nature of water molecules.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Polarity of Molecules

Polarity refers to the distribution of electrical charge over the atoms in a molecule. Nonpolar covalent bonds occur when electrons are shared equally between atoms, resulting in no significant charge difference. In contrast, polar covalent bonds involve unequal sharing of electrons, leading to partial positive and negative charges, which affects solubility in water.

Solubility Principles

Solubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent, typically water. The principle 'like dissolves like' indicates that polar substances tend to dissolve well in polar solvents (like water), while nonpolar substances do not. This is due to the interactions between molecules; polar molecules interact through dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonding, while nonpolar molecules rely on weaker van der Waals forces.

Ionic vs. Covalent Bonds

Ionic bonds form between atoms that transfer electrons, resulting in charged ions that attract each other. These compounds are generally soluble in water due to the strong interactions between the ions and water molecules. In contrast, covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons, and the solubility of covalent compounds in water depends on their polarity, with polar covalent compounds being more soluble than nonpolar ones.