Identify each of the following molecules or compounds as ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent.
a. H₂O _________
b. LiI _________
c. C₁₀H₂₂ _________
d. N₂ _________
e. MgBr₂ _________
f. H₂S _________

Ionic bonds form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the creation of charged ions. These oppositely charged ions attract each other, creating a strong electrostatic force. Ionic compounds typically consist of a metal and a nonmetal, and they tend to have high melting and boiling points, as well as being soluble in water.

Covalent bonds occur when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. This sharing can be equal or unequal, leading to different types of covalent bonds: nonpolar covalent bonds (equal sharing) and polar covalent bonds (unequal sharing). The polarity of a molecule affects its physical properties, such as solubility and boiling point.

Molecular polarity is determined by the distribution of electrical charge across a molecule. A molecule is polar if it has a significant difference in electronegativity between its atoms, leading to a dipole moment. Nonpolar molecules have an even distribution of charge, while polar molecules have regions of partial positive and negative charge, influencing their interactions with other substances.