Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Introduction to Metabolism

Anatomy & Physiology

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Introduction to Metabolism

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Multiple Choice

What did Sutherland discover about glycogen metabolism in liver cells?

The role of cyclic AMP as a second messenger in glycogen breakdown

The involvement of insulin in promoting glycogen synthesis

The direct conversion of glycogen to glucose without intermediates

The storage of glycogen in muscle cells rather than liver cells

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Verified step by step guidance

Begin by understanding the context of glycogen metabolism in liver cells. Glycogen is a stored form of glucose, and its metabolism involves both synthesis and breakdown processes.

Consider the role of hormones in glycogen metabolism. Insulin and glucagon are key hormones that regulate glycogen synthesis and breakdown, respectively.

Explore the concept of second messengers in cellular signaling. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is a well-known second messenger that plays a crucial role in transmitting signals from hormones like glucagon to initiate glycogen breakdown.

Examine the process of glycogen breakdown. When glucagon binds to its receptor on liver cells, it activates adenylate cyclase, which converts ATP to cyclic AMP. This increase in cAMP levels leads to the activation of protein kinase A (PKA), which then phosphorylates enzymes involved in glycogen breakdown.

Reflect on the discovery by Sutherland, which highlighted the importance of cyclic AMP as a second messenger in the process of glycogen breakdown in liver cells, rather than direct conversion of glycogen to glucose or storage in muscle cells.