Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

16. The Endocrine System

Hormone Review Table

Anatomy & Physiology

16. The Endocrine System

Hormone Review Table

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1:35 minutes

Problem 9

Textbook Question

More than one choice may apply. The element needed for thyroid gland function is
a. Potassium
b. Iodine
c. Calcium
d. Manganese

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the function of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is responsible for producing hormones such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which regulate metabolism, growth, and development.

Step 2: Identify the key element required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormones are synthesized using iodine, which is an essential trace element.

Step 3: Eliminate incorrect options by understanding their roles in the body. For example, potassium is involved in nerve function and muscle contraction, calcium is crucial for bone health and muscle function, and manganese is involved in enzyme activity but not thyroid function.

Step 4: Confirm that iodine is the correct answer by recalling its specific role in the thyroid gland. Iodine is absorbed from the bloodstream and used by the thyroid gland to produce T3 and T4 hormones.

Step 5: Review the multiple-choice options and select iodine (b) as the correct answer, while noting that the other elements listed do not directly contribute to thyroid gland function.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Thyroid Gland Function

The thyroid gland is an endocrine organ that produces hormones, primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which regulate metabolism, growth, and development. Proper functioning of the thyroid is crucial for maintaining metabolic homeostasis and overall health.

Iodine

Iodine is an essential trace element that is critical for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. The thyroid gland absorbs iodine from the bloodstream, and a deficiency can lead to conditions such as goiter and hypothyroidism, highlighting its importance in thyroid health.

Nutritional Deficiencies

Nutritional deficiencies occur when the body does not get enough of the essential nutrients it needs to function properly. In the context of thyroid health, a lack of iodine can severely impact hormone production, while deficiencies in other minerals like selenium and zinc can also affect thyroid function.

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Textbook Question

Match the letter of the digestive organ shown in the figure with its function.

___ produces both endocrine and exocrine secretions

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Textbook Question

More than one choice may apply.

Hormones that act to decrease the blood glucose level include

a. Insulin

b. Glucagon

c. Epinephrine

d. Growth hormone

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Textbook Question

More than one choice may apply.

Which events occur shortly after eating?

a. Use of amino acids as a major source of energy

b. Lipogenesis (and fat deposit)

c. Breakdown of fat reserves

d. Increased uptake of glucose by skeletal muscles and other body tissues

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Textbook Question

Mr. Flores brings his wife to the clinic, concerned about her nervousness, heart palpitations, and excessive sweating. Tests show hyperglycemia and hypertension. What hormones are probably being hypersecreted? What is the cause? What physical factors allow you to rule out thyroid problems?

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Textbook Question

More than one choice may apply.

ANP, the hormone secreted by the heart, has exactly the opposite function to this hormone secreted by the outermost zone of the adrenal cortex.

a. Epinephrine

b. Cortisol

c. Aldosterone

d. Testosterone

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Textbook Question