Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

16. The Endocrine System

Hormone Review Table

Anatomy & Physiology

16. The Endocrine System

Hormone Review Table

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1:42 minutes

Problem 5

Textbook Question

More than one choice may apply.
Hormones that act directly or indirectly to elevate the blood glucose level include which of the following?
a. GH
b. Cortisol
c. Insulin
d. ACTH

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the role of blood glucose regulation in the body. Blood glucose levels are regulated by hormones that either increase or decrease glucose levels. Hormones that elevate blood glucose levels typically promote glycogen breakdown, gluconeogenesis, or inhibit glucose uptake by cells.

Step 2: Analyze the function of each hormone listed in the question: GH (Growth Hormone), Cortisol, Insulin, and ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone). Determine whether each hormone has a direct or indirect effect on blood glucose levels.

Step 3: Recall that GH (Growth Hormone) stimulates gluconeogenesis and lipolysis, indirectly increasing blood glucose levels. It also reduces glucose uptake by cells, contributing to elevated blood glucose.

Step 4: Cortisol, a glucocorticoid, promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver and inhibits glucose uptake by cells, leading to an increase in blood glucose levels during stress or fasting.

Step 5: Insulin is the only hormone listed that lowers blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake by cells and glycogen synthesis. ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol, which indirectly elevates blood glucose levels. Therefore, identify the hormones that act directly or indirectly to elevate blood glucose levels.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Hormonal Regulation of Blood Glucose

Hormones play a crucial role in maintaining blood glucose levels. Insulin lowers blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake, while hormones like glucagon, cortisol, and growth hormone (GH) increase blood glucose levels by promoting gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in the liver.

Cortisol

Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex. It increases blood glucose levels by stimulating gluconeogenesis and inhibiting glucose uptake in non-essential tissues, thus ensuring that glucose is available for vital functions, especially during stress.

Growth Hormone (GH)

Growth hormone, secreted by the pituitary gland, has several metabolic effects, including increasing blood glucose levels. It does this by promoting lipolysis and reducing glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue, thereby ensuring that more glucose remains available in the bloodstream.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

More than one choice may apply.

Which events occur shortly after eating?

a. Use of amino acids as a major source of energy

b. Lipogenesis (and fat deposit)

c. Breakdown of fat reserves

d. Increased uptake of glucose by skeletal muscles and other body tissues

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Textbook Question

Mr. Flores brings his wife to the clinic, concerned about her nervousness, heart palpitations, and excessive sweating. Tests show hyperglycemia and hypertension. What hormones are probably being hypersecreted? What is the cause? What physical factors allow you to rule out thyroid problems?

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Textbook Question

More than one choice may apply. The element needed for thyroid gland function is

a. Potassium

b. Iodine

c. Calcium

d. Manganese

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Textbook Question

More than one choice may apply.

ANP, the hormone secreted by the heart, has exactly the opposite function to this hormone secreted by the outermost zone of the adrenal cortex.

a. Epinephrine

b. Cortisol

c. Aldosterone

d. Testosterone

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Textbook Question

More than one choice may apply.

Hypertension may result from hypersecretion of

a. Thyroxine

b. Cortisol

c. Aldosterone

d. ADH

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Textbook Question

More than one choice may apply.

Hormones that regulate mineral (salt) levels include

a. Calcitonin

b. Aldosterone

c. Atrial natriuretic peptide

d. Glucagon

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More than one choice may apply.

Which of the following is given as a drug to reduce inflammation?

a. Epinephrine

b. Cortisol

c. Aldosterone

d. ADH

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Textbook Question

Two hormones are closely involved in the regulation of the fluid and electrolyte balance of the body. Name them, and explain their effects on their common target organ.

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More than one choice may apply. Hormones that act directly or indirectly to elevate the blood glucose level include which of the following? a. GH b. Cortisol c. Insulin d. ACTH

Key Concepts

Hormonal Regulation of Blood Glucose

Cortisol

Growth Hormone (GH)

Watch next

More than one choice may apply.
Hormones that act directly or indirectly to elevate the blood glucose level include which of the following?
a. GH
b. Cortisol
c. Insulin
d. ACTH