Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

17. The Blood

Introduction To Blood

Anatomy & Physiology

17. The Blood

Introduction To Blood

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Problem 19

Textbook Question

Which of the following antibodies does a person with type O+ blood have in his or her plasma?
a. Anti-A antibodies
b. Anti-B antibodies
c. Anti-Rh antibodies
d. Both a and b are correct.
e. All of the above

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the blood type system. Blood type is determined by the presence or absence of antigens (A, B, and Rh) on the surface of red blood cells. Type O blood lacks both A and B antigens, and the '+' indicates the presence of the Rh antigen.

Step 2: Recall that antibodies are produced against antigens that are not present on a person's red blood cells. For type O blood, since there are no A or B antigens, the plasma will contain anti-A and anti-B antibodies.

Step 3: Consider the Rh factor. A person with Rh-positive blood (O+) does not produce anti-Rh antibodies because their blood cells have the Rh antigen, and the immune system does not attack its own antigens.

Step 4: Eliminate incorrect options based on the above information. Anti-Rh antibodies (option c) are not present in O+ blood, so 'All of the above' (option e) is incorrect. Both anti-A and anti-B antibodies (option d) are correct.

Step 5: Conclude that the correct answer is 'Both a and b are correct,' as a person with type O+ blood has anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their plasma but does not have anti-Rh antibodies.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Blood Type Antibodies

Blood type antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system in response to foreign antigens. Individuals with type O blood do not have A or B antigens on their red blood cells, but they produce anti-A and anti-B antibodies, which can react against A and B blood types, respectively.

Rh Factor

The Rh factor is a specific protein that can be present on the surface of red blood cells. A person with Rh-positive (like O+) blood has the Rh antigen, meaning they do not produce anti-Rh antibodies unless exposed to Rh-positive blood, which is not typical in normal circumstances.

Blood Compatibility

Blood compatibility is crucial for safe blood transfusions and organ transplants. Understanding the presence of specific antibodies in a person's plasma helps determine which blood types can be safely transfused, as incompatible blood can lead to serious immune reactions.

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