Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

16. The Endocrine System

Hormone Review Table

Anatomy & Physiology

16. The Endocrine System

Hormone Review Table

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2:24 minutes

Problem 14

Textbook Question

Describe the body location of each of the following endocrine organs: anterior pituitary, pineal gland, thymus, pancreas, ovaries, testes. Then, for each organ, name its hormones and their effect(s) on body processes. Finally, for each hormone, list the important results of its hypersecretion or hyposecretion.

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Identify the anatomical location of each endocrine organ. For example: The anterior pituitary is located at the base of the brain within the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone; the pineal gland is located in the epithalamus near the center of the brain; the thymus is located in the upper chest behind the sternum; the pancreas is located in the abdominal cavity behind the stomach; the ovaries are located in the pelvic cavity on either side of the uterus; and the testes are located in the scrotum outside the pelvic cavity.

Step 2: List the hormones secreted by each organ and their effects on body processes. For example: The anterior pituitary secretes growth hormone (GH), which stimulates growth and metabolism; the pineal gland secretes melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles; the thymus secretes thymosin, which is involved in T-cell development; the pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood glucose levels; the ovaries secrete estrogen and progesterone, which regulate female reproductive processes; and the testes secrete testosterone, which regulates male reproductive processes.

Step 3: Explain the effects of hypersecretion for each hormone. For example: Hypersecretion of growth hormone can lead to gigantism or acromegaly; hypersecretion of melatonin may cause excessive sleepiness; hypersecretion of insulin can lead to hypoglycemia; hypersecretion of estrogen can cause hormonal imbalances; and hypersecretion of testosterone can lead to aggressive behavior or excessive muscle growth.

Step 4: Explain the effects of hyposecretion for each hormone. For example: Hyposecretion of growth hormone can lead to dwarfism; hyposecretion of melatonin may cause insomnia; hyposecretion of insulin can lead to diabetes mellitus; hyposecretion of estrogen can cause infertility or osteoporosis; and hyposecretion of testosterone can lead to reduced muscle mass and libido.

Step 5: Summarize the importance of understanding endocrine organ functions and hormone regulation in maintaining homeostasis and preventing disorders. Highlight how imbalances in hormone secretion can significantly impact physical and mental health.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Endocrine System

The endocrine system is a network of glands that produce and release hormones directly into the bloodstream. These hormones regulate various bodily functions, including metabolism, growth, and mood. Understanding the location and function of each endocrine organ is crucial for analyzing their roles in maintaining homeostasis and responding to internal and external stimuli.

Hormones and Their Functions

Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream to target organs, where they elicit specific physiological responses. Each endocrine organ secretes particular hormones that influence various processes, such as the anterior pituitary's release of growth hormone, which affects growth and metabolism. Recognizing the hormones produced by each organ and their effects is essential for understanding the overall impact of the endocrine system on health.

Hypersecretion and Hyposecretion

Hypersecretion refers to the excessive production of hormones, while hyposecretion indicates insufficient hormone production. Both conditions can lead to significant health issues; for example, hypersecretion of insulin can cause hypoglycemia, while hyposecretion can lead to diabetes. Understanding these concepts is vital for assessing the consequences of hormonal imbalances and their effects on bodily functions.

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Textbook Question

The parents of 14-year-old Megan are concerned about her height because she is only 4 feet tall and they are both close to 6 feet tall. After tests by their doctor, certain hormones are prescribed for the girl. What is the probable diagnosis? What hormones are prescribed, and why might the girl expect to reach normal height?

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