Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

15. The Special Senses

Rods, Cones, and Light

Anatomy & Physiology

15. The Special Senses

Rods, Cones, and Light

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3:22 minutes

Problem 11

Textbook Question

Of the neurons in the retina, the axons of which of these form the optic nerve?
a. Bipolar cells
b. Ganglion cells
c. Cone cells
d. Horizontal cells

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the structure of the retina and the types of neurons present. The retina contains several layers of neurons, including photoreceptor cells (rods and cones), bipolar cells, horizontal cells, amacrine cells, and ganglion cells.

Step 2: Recall the function of ganglion cells. Ganglion cells are the final output neurons of the retina. Their axons converge to form the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.

Step 3: Differentiate between the roles of other retinal neurons. Bipolar cells act as intermediaries between photoreceptors and ganglion cells, cone cells are photoreceptors responsible for color vision, and horizontal cells modulate signals between photoreceptors and bipolar cells.

Step 4: Focus on the question asking specifically about the axons forming the optic nerve. Since ganglion cells are the only retinal neurons whose axons form the optic nerve, this is the correct answer.

Step 5: Conclude that understanding the anatomy and function of retinal neurons is key to solving this type of problem. Ganglion cells play a critical role in transmitting visual signals to the brain.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Retinal Neuron Types

The retina contains several types of neurons, including bipolar cells, ganglion cells, cone cells, and horizontal cells. Each type has a distinct role in processing visual information. Bipolar cells transmit signals from photoreceptors to ganglion cells, while horizontal cells integrate signals across the retina. Understanding these neuron types is crucial for identifying which contribute to the optic nerve.

Ganglion Cells

Ganglion cells are the final output neurons of the retina, whose axons form the optic nerve. They receive input from bipolar cells and are responsible for transmitting visual information to the brain. Their role is essential in converting light signals into electrical impulses that can be processed by the visual cortex.

Optic Nerve

The optic nerve is a bundle of axons from ganglion cells that carries visual information from the retina to the brain. It is crucial for vision, as it transmits the processed signals that allow us to perceive images. Understanding the structure and function of the optic nerve is key to answering questions about visual pathways.

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Related Practice

Multiple Choice

Which process allows more light to reach the periphery of the retina?

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Multiple Choice

To which colors are the three different kinds of cones in the human eye sensitive?

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Textbook Question

Accessory glands that produce an oily secretion are the

a. Conjunctiva

b. Lacrimal glands

c. Tarsal glands

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Textbook Question

The portion of the fibrous layer that is white and opaque is the

a. Choroid

b. Cornea

c. Retina

d. Sclera

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Multiple Choice

A light hits your retina with a wavelength of 610 nm. Which cones will be stimulated, and what color will you perceive? Use the figure to help you answer.

Imagine that you are walking in the woods at night in very low light. A red flower and a green leaf are both reflecting the same total amount of light. Which would appear brighter to you and why? The image is provided for reference.

Which sequence follows the correct passage of light entering the cornea?

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following shows the correct order of light transmission from the air to the retina?

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