Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

8. Joints

Joint Movements

Anatomy & Physiology

8. Joints

Joint Movements

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2:35 minutes

Problem 10

Textbook Question

Abduction and adduction always refer to movements of the
(a) Axial skeleton
(b) Appendicular skeleton
(c) Skull
(d) Vertebral column

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the definitions of abduction and adduction: Abduction refers to the movement of a body part away from the midline of the body, while adduction refers to the movement of a body part toward the midline.

Identify the type of skeleton involved in abduction and adduction movements. These movements typically occur at joints where limbs or appendages are attached to the body.

Recall that the axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage, which are primarily involved in protection and support rather than limb movement.

Recognize that the appendicular skeleton includes the limbs (arms and legs) and girdles (shoulder and pelvic girdles), which are responsible for movements such as abduction and adduction.

Conclude that abduction and adduction always refer to movements of the appendicular skeleton, as these movements occur at joints involving the limbs and girdles.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Abduction and Adduction

Abduction and adduction are terms used to describe movements of limbs and body parts. Abduction refers to the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body, while adduction is the movement toward the midline. These movements are crucial in understanding how the body interacts with its environment and are primarily associated with the appendicular skeleton.

Appendicular Skeleton

The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the limbs and the girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton. This includes the shoulder girdle, pelvis, arms, and legs. Understanding the appendicular skeleton is essential for analyzing movements like abduction and adduction, as these actions primarily occur in the limbs.

Axial Skeleton

The axial skeleton includes the bones of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. It serves as the central framework of the body, providing support and protection for the brain, spinal cord, and thoracic organs. While abduction and adduction primarily pertain to the appendicular skeleton, understanding the axial skeleton is important for comprehending overall body mechanics and movement.