Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Proteins

Anatomy & Physiology

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Proteins

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2:07 minutes

Problem 11

Textbook Question

Most proteins are soluble in the aqueous environment of a cell. Knowing that, where in the overall three-dimensional shape of a protein would you expect to find amino acids with hydrophobic R groups?

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the structure of proteins: Proteins are made up of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds forming a polypeptide chain. Each amino acid has a unique side chain, known as an R group, which can be hydrophobic or hydrophilic.

Recognize the importance of protein folding: Protein folding is the process by which a protein structure assumes its functional shape or conformation. It is crucial for the protein's function.

Identify the role of hydrophobic and hydrophilic R groups in protein folding: Hydrophobic R groups are typically nonpolar and tend to avoid water, whereas hydrophilic R groups are polar and interact well with water.

Predict the location of hydrophobic R groups in a folded protein: Since most proteins function in an aqueous environment inside the cell, the hydrophobic R groups are likely to be located in the interior of the protein. This arrangement helps to stabilize the protein structure by keeping these nonpolar groups away from the aqueous environment.

Visualize the protein structure: In the three-dimensional structure of a protein, imagine the hydrophobic R groups tucked inside, away from the surrounding water molecules, contributing to the overall stability and functionality of the protein.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Protein Structure

Proteins have a complex three-dimensional structure that is crucial for their function. This structure is determined by the sequence of amino acids and can be divided into four levels: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. The tertiary structure, in particular, describes how the protein folds into its functional shape, influenced by interactions among the R groups of the amino acids.

Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions

Amino acids possess R groups that can be classified as hydrophobic (water-repelling) or hydrophilic (water-attracting). In an aqueous environment, hydrophobic R groups tend to cluster together in the interior of the protein to avoid water, while hydrophilic R groups are more likely to be found on the surface, interacting with the surrounding water. This distribution is essential for maintaining the protein's stability and functionality.

Protein Folding

Protein folding is the process by which a linear chain of amino acids acquires its functional three-dimensional shape. This process is driven by the chemical properties of the amino acids, including their hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity. Proper folding is critical, as misfolded proteins can lead to loss of function or diseases, highlighting the importance of understanding how amino acid properties influence protein structure.