Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

21. The Immune System

Classes of Antibodies

Anatomy & Physiology

21. The Immune System

Classes of Antibodies

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Multiple Choice

What is the second step of T cell activation?

antigen binding

co-stimulation

chemotaxis

anergy

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Verified step by step guidance

Begin by understanding the process of T cell activation, which is crucial for the adaptive immune response. T cells require two signals for full activation.

The first step in T cell activation is antigen binding. This occurs when the T cell receptor (TCR) on the surface of the T cell recognizes and binds to a specific antigen presented by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules on antigen-presenting cells.

The second step, known as co-stimulation, is necessary to fully activate the T cell. This involves additional signals provided by the interaction between co-stimulatory molecules on the antigen-presenting cell and receptors on the T cell.

Without co-stimulation, the T cell may become anergic, meaning it becomes inactive and unable to respond to the antigen. This is a mechanism to prevent autoimmunity.

Chemotaxis is not directly involved in the activation of T cells but refers to the movement of cells towards the site of infection or inflammation, guided by chemical signals.