Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

21. The Immune System

Classes of Antibodies

Anatomy & Physiology

21. The Immune System

Classes of Antibodies

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Problem 4

Textbook Question

Nonspecific immunity is also known as___. Specific immunity is also known as_. Specific immunity has the capacity for immunological ____ .

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the concept of nonspecific immunity. Nonspecific immunity refers to the body's first line of defense against pathogens, which includes physical barriers (like skin and mucous membranes), chemical barriers (like stomach acid), and general immune responses (like inflammation and phagocytosis). It is also known as innate immunity.

Step 2: Understand the concept of specific immunity. Specific immunity refers to the body's ability to target specific pathogens using specialized cells and molecules, such as antibodies and lymphocytes. It is also known as adaptive immunity.

Step 3: Learn about immunological memory. Specific immunity has the capacity for immunological memory, which means the immune system can 'remember' a pathogen after an initial exposure and respond more effectively during subsequent encounters.

Step 4: Review the differences between nonspecific and specific immunity. Nonspecific immunity is immediate and general, while specific immunity is slower to develop but highly targeted and capable of long-term protection through memory.

Step 5: Apply this knowledge to complete the blanks in the problem. Use the terms 'innate immunity,' 'adaptive immunity,' and 'memory' to fill in the blanks appropriately based on the definitions provided.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Nonspecific Immunity

Nonspecific immunity, also referred to as innate immunity, is the body's first line of defense against pathogens. It includes physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes, as well as immune responses that are not tailored to specific pathogens, such as inflammation and the action of phagocytes. This type of immunity responds quickly to a wide range of invaders.

Specific Immunity

Specific immunity, also known as adaptive immunity, is characterized by its ability to recognize and remember specific pathogens. This type of immunity involves lymphocytes, such as B cells and T cells, which produce antibodies and mount targeted responses against previously encountered pathogens. It develops over time and provides long-lasting protection.

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory refers to the ability of the immune system to remember past infections and respond more effectively upon subsequent exposures to the same pathogen. This is a key feature of specific immunity, allowing for a faster and stronger response due to the presence of memory cells. It is the basis for the effectiveness of vaccines, which train the immune system to recognize specific pathogens.

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