Textbook Question
What are the valves in the heart, and what is the function of each?
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Ch. 20 The Heart
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew11th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136874089
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology26
- Ch. 2 The Chemical Level of Organization34
- Ch. 3 The Cellular Level of Organization30
- Ch. 4 The Tissue Level of Organization24
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System17
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Structure36
- Ch. 7 The Axial Skeleton11
- Ch. 8 The Appendicular Skeleton17
- Ch. 9 Joints13
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue12
- Ch. 11 The Muscular System28
- Ch. 12 Nervous Tissue18
- Ch. 13 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes22
- Ch. 14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves20
- Ch. 15 Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System17
- Ch. 16 The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions30
- Ch. 17 The Special Senses16
- Ch. 18 The Endocrine System20
- Ch. 19 Blood31
- Ch. 20 The Heart31
- Ch. 21 Blood Vessels and Circulation29
- Ch. 22 The Lymphatic System and Immunity31
- Ch. 23 The Respiratory System12
- Ch. 24 The Digestive System18
- Ch. 26 The Urinary System31
- Ch. 27 Fluids & Electrolytes32
- Ch. 28 The Reproductive System12
- Ch. 29 Development and Inheritance23
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew11th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136874089Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 20, Problem 11
During the cardiac cycle, the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle when the semilunar valve opens is the:
(a) Stroke volume (SV)
(b) End-diastolic volume (EDV)
(c) End-systolic volume (ESV)
(d) Cardiac output (CO)
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the key terms related to the cardiac cycle. The End-Diastolic Volume (EDV) is the volume of blood in the left ventricle at the end of diastole (just before contraction).
Step 2: Recognize that the End-Systolic Volume (ESV) is the volume of blood remaining in the left ventricle after systole (after contraction).
Step 3: Define Stroke Volume (SV) as the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle during one contraction, which is the difference between EDV and ESV. Mathematically, this is expressed as: \(\text{SV} = \text{EDV} - \text{ESV}\).
Step 4: Understand that Cardiac Output (CO) is the total volume of blood pumped by the left ventricle per minute, calculated as \(\text{CO} = \text{SV} \times \text{Heart Rate}\).
Step 5: Since the question asks for the amount of blood ejected when the semilunar valve opens (which occurs during ventricular systole), the correct term describing this volume is Stroke Volume (SV).
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Stroke Volume (SV)
Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle during each heartbeat, specifically when the semilunar valve opens. It is calculated as the difference between end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume, reflecting the effective blood pumped into circulation per beat.
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End-Diastolic Volume (EDV)
End-diastolic volume is the total volume of blood in the left ventricle at the end of diastole, just before contraction. It represents the maximum filling of the ventricle and serves as the starting point for stroke volume calculation.
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End-Systolic Volume (ESV)
End-systolic volume is the amount of blood remaining in the left ventricle after contraction, once the semilunar valve closes. It indicates the volume not ejected during systole and is used alongside EDV to determine stroke volume.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
What role do the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles play in the normal function of the AV valves?
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Textbook Question
Identify the structures in the following diagram of a sectional view of the heart.
a. ___
b. ___
c. ___
d. ___
e. ___
f. ___
g. ___
h. ___
i. ___
j. ___
k. ___
l. ___
m. ___
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Textbook Question
During diastole, a chamber of the heart:
(a) Relaxes and fills with blood
(b) Contracts and pushes blood into an adjacent chamber
(c) Experiences a sharp increase in pressure
(d) Reaches a pressure of approximately 120 mm Hg
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Textbook Question
Describe the three distinct layers that make up the heart wall.
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Textbook Question
Identify the superficial structures in the following diagram of the heart.
a. ___
b. ___
c. ___
d. ___
e. ___
f. ___
g. ___
h. ___
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