Question 1

A patient suffers a third-degree burn covering the entire front of their torso and both arms. According to the Rule of Nines, what percentage of their body surface area is affected?

Accepted Answer

27%

Question 2

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for mitosis and contains melanocytes that produce melanin?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 3

A person is holding a heavy box without moving their arms. Which type of muscle contraction is occurring?

Accepted Answer

Isometric contraction

Question 4

During skeletal muscle contraction, which molecule binds to troponin to initiate the movement of tropomyosin?

Accepted Answer

Calcium ions ($$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$})$$

Question 5

Which bone cell is primarily responsible for breaking down bone matrix during bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 6

A marathon runner’s leg muscles are rich in which type of muscle fiber, characterized by high endurance and aerobic metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Slow Oxidative (SO)

Question 7

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Question 8

Which structural unit is found in compact bone and provides strong support?

Accepted Answer

Osteon

Question 9

During muscle contraction, which band of the sarcomere remains the same length?

Accepted Answer

A band

Question 10

A patient with severe blood loss can convert yellow bone marrow to red bone marrow. Where is yellow marrow primarily located?

Accepted Answer

Medullary cavity of long bones

Question 11

Which tactile receptor is most sensitive to light touch and is found in the papillary dermis?

Accepted Answer

Meissner’s corpuscle

Question 12

Which type of synovial joint allows the greatest range of motion, such as in the shoulder and hip?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Question 13

Which phase of a muscle twitch involves the return of calcium to the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the muscle returning to its resting length?

Accepted Answer

Relaxation phase

Question 14

Which gland produces a watery sweat for cooling and is found almost everywhere on the body?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine sweat gland

Question 15

Which bone marking is defined as a hole for nerves or blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Foramen

Question 16

During appositional growth, which process occurs to increase bone width?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts add bone outside, osteoclasts remove bone inside

Question 17

Which connective tissue layer surrounds individual muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Question 18

A patient is diagnosed with a deficiency in vitamin D. Which function of the skin is directly related to this condition?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D production

Question 19

Which structure in a synovial joint is responsible for lubricating the joint, nourishing cartilage, and absorbing shock?

Accepted Answer

Synovial fluid

Question 20

A person is performing a biceps curl. Which muscle acts as the prime mover (agonist) during elbow flexion?

Accepted Answer

Biceps brachii

Anatomy & Physiology Exam 2 Study Guide: Skin, Bones, Joints, and Muscles

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards