Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

ATP hydrolysis causes the myosin head to detach from actin and re-cock into a high-energy position.

Question 2

A patient presents with difficulty extending their forearm at the elbow. Which muscle is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Triceps brachii

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

ATP binding → Myosin head cocking → Cross-bridge formation → Power stroke

Question 4

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for flexion of the knee?

Accepted Answer

Hamstrings

Question 5

In the sarcomere diagram, which structure shortens during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

I band

Question 6

Which of the following best describes an isometric muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

The muscle length remains the same while tension increases.

Question 7

Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to initiate muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 8

Saltatory conduction in neurons is made possible by which structure?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheath

Question 9

Which brain region is primarily responsible for regulating homeostasis, including temperature and hunger?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 10

A lesion in the primary motor cortex would most likely result in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Impaired voluntary movement

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the rotator cuff muscles?

Accepted Answer

Stabilization of the shoulder joint

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding the composition of myelin in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It is produced by oligodendrocytes.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the masseter muscle?

Accepted Answer

Elevation of the mandible during chewing

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the basal nuclei?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of voluntary motor movements

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the arbor vitae in the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

It coordinates voluntary motor activity.

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between force, lever arm, and torque in a muscle lever system?

Accepted Answer

$$	au = F 	imes r$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the meninges?

Accepted Answer

They protect the brain and spinal cord.

Question 18

A patient with damage to the ventral horn of the spinal cord would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Loss of motor function

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of depolarization in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

The inside of the neuron becomes more positive due to sodium influx.

Question 20

Which of the following is the primary function of the somatosensory cortex?

Accepted Answer

Processing sensory input from the body

Anatomy & Physiology Exam 3 Study Guide – Muscles and Nervous System

Study Guide - Practice Questions