Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

ATP hydrolysis causes the myosin head to detach from actin and re-cock into a high-energy position.

Question 2

Which muscle is primarily responsible for flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint?

Accepted Answer

Biceps brachii

Question 3

A patient presents with difficulty abducting their arm. Which muscle is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Deltoid

Question 4

Which of the following best describes an isometric muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

The muscle length remains the same while tension increases.

Question 5

Which structure in the sarcomere is responsible for anchoring the thin filaments?

Accepted Answer

Z disc

Question 6

During depolarization of a neuron, which ion primarily moves into the cell?

Accepted Answer

Sodium (Na\^+)

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Control of body temperature and hunger

Question 8

Which neurotransmitter is most commonly released at the neuromuscular junction to stimulate muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 9

Which of the following best describes saltatory conduction?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump from one node of Ranvier to the next, increasing conduction speed.

Question 10

Which brain structure is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements and maintaining posture and balance?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding the lever system in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Most skeletal muscles act as third-class levers, where the effort is applied between the fulcrum and the load.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the basal nuclei?

Accepted Answer

Initiation and regulation of voluntary motor movements

Question 13

A patient has damage to the primary auditory cortex. Which function is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Hearing

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Release of calcium ions → binding of myosin to actin → power stroke → ATP binding causes myosin release

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the meninges?

Accepted Answer

They protect the brain and spinal cord by providing structural support and containing cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 16

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for knee extension?

Accepted Answer

Quadriceps

Question 17

Which of the following statements about gray matter and white matter in the brain is correct?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter contains neuron cell bodies, while white matter consists mainly of myelinated axons.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the limbic system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of emotional responses and memory formation

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the arbor vitae in the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

It is the branching white matter that coordinates sensory and motor information.

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct order of the meninges from superficial to deep?

Accepted Answer

Dura mater → arachnoid mater → pia mater

Anatomy & Physiology Exam 3 Study Guide – Muscles and Nervous System

Study Guide - Practice Questions