$$MAP = 90 + (1/3 \times (150-90)) = 110 mm Hg$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main structural difference between arteries and veins?

Accepted Answer

Arteries have thicker walls, a round lumen, and more elastic fibers, while veins have thinner walls, a larger irregular lumen, and valves.

Question 2

A patient presents with swelling in the lower limbs due to blood pooling. Which structural feature of veins is most likely compromised?

Accepted Answer

Venous valves

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between blood flow (F), pressure gradient ($$\Delta P$$), and resistance (R)?

Accepted Answer

$$F = \Delta P / R$$

Question 4

Which type of capillary is most likely to be found in the liver and allows the passage of large plasma proteins?

Accepted Answer

Sinusoidal capillary (sinusoid)

Question 5

A patient with chronic hypertension is at increased risk for which of the following arterial complications due to weakened elastic fibers?

Accepted Answer

Aneurysm

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why blood flow velocity is lowest in the capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Capillaries have the highest total cross-sectional area.

Question 7

Which hormone is released in response to low blood volume and increases water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 8

Calculate the mean arterial pressure (MAP) for a patient with a blood pressure of 150/90 mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = 90 + (1/3 	imes (150-90)) = 110 mm Hg$$

Question 9

Which of the following would most likely cause edema in peripheral tissues?

Accepted Answer

Decreased BCOP or increased CHP

Question 10

During heavy exercise, which of the following changes occurs in the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Blood flow is redirected to skeletal muscles, lungs, and heart.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct description of the fetal circulation adaptation that closes at birth to prevent blood from bypassing the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Foramen ovale

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the effect of the baroreceptor reflex when blood pressure rises above normal?

Accepted Answer

Decreases cardiac output and causes vasodilation

Question 13

A patient with atherosclerosis is at increased risk for which of the following due to abnormal turbulence in blood flow?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of thrombus formation

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct formula for net filtration pressure (NFP) across a capillary wall?

Accepted Answer

$$NFP = (CHP - IHP) - (BCOP - ICOP)$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a direct effect of the release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)?

Accepted Answer

Reduces blood volume and blood pressure

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why veins are called capacitance vessels?

Accepted Answer

They can stretch and accommodate large volumes of blood.

Question 17

A patient with a patent ductus arteriosus will most likely exhibit which clinical sign?

Accepted Answer

Cyanosis (blue skin) due to poorly oxygenated blood entering systemic circulation

Question 18

Which of the following is a likely consequence of aging on the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Progressive atherosclerosis and increased risk of thrombus formation

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the effect of autoregulation in a tissue experiencing low oxygen and high carbon dioxide levels?

Accepted Answer

Local vasodilators cause precapillary sphincters to relax, increasing blood flow.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct sequence of blood flow through the pulmonary circuit?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary trunk → pulmonary arteries → lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium

Blood Vessels and Circulation: Structure, Function, and Regulation

Study Guide - Practice Questions