Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of elastic (conducting) arteries?

Accepted Answer

They act as pressure reservoirs, expanding and recoiling to maintain blood flow during the cardiac cycle.

Question 2

A patient has a blood pressure of 150/90 mm Hg. What is their mean arterial pressure (MAP)? Use the formula $$MAP = DP + \frac{1}{3}(SP - DP).$$

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = 90 + \frac{1}{3}(150 - 90) = 90 + 20 = 110 mm Hg$$

Question 3

Which of the following changes would cause the greatest increase in peripheral resistance, according to the formula $$R \propto \frac{1}{r^4$}$$?

Accepted Answer

Halving the radius of the blood vessel

Question 4

Which type of capillary is most likely to be found in the liver and allows passage of large proteins and cells?

Accepted Answer

Sinusoidal capillary

Question 5

A patient is experiencing edema due to a decrease in plasma proteins. Which pressure is most directly affected, and how does this cause edema?

Accepted Answer

Capillary colloid osmotic pressure decreases, reducing fluid reabsorption into capillaries.

Question 6

Which of the following mechanisms is NOT a factor aiding venous return to the heart?

Accepted Answer

High capillary hydrostatic pressure

Question 7

During exercise, blood flow to skeletal muscles increases dramatically. Which mechanism is primarily responsible for this local increase?

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic metabolic autoregulation causing vasodilation

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why blood flow velocity is slowest in the capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Capillaries have the largest total cross-sectional area.

Question 9

A patient with severe blood loss is at risk for which type of shock?

Accepted Answer

Hypovolemic shock

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct statement about the pulmonary circuit?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary arteries carry oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.

Question 11

Which vessel type is primarily responsible for regulating blood flow into capillary beds?

Accepted Answer

Arterioles

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the tunica media in blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Controls vasoconstriction and vasodilation

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding arterial anastomoses?

Accepted Answer

They provide alternate pathways for blood flow if one artery is blocked.

Question 14

If a patient’s arterioles constrict, what will happen to their total peripheral resistance (TPR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP), assuming cardiac output remains constant?

Accepted Answer

TPR increases, MAP increases

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of baroreceptors in blood pressure regulation?

Accepted Answer

They sense changes in blood pressure and initiate reflexes to maintain homeostasis.

Question 16

Which hormone increases blood pressure by promoting vasoconstriction and stimulating aldosterone release?

Accepted Answer

Angiotensin II

Question 17

Which of the following is the main driving force for fluid movement out of the capillaries at the arterial end?

Accepted Answer

Capillary hydrostatic pressure

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct effect of increased sympathetic stimulation on blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Vasoconstriction of most systemic arterioles

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why veins are called capacitance vessels?

Accepted Answer

They contain most of the blood volume at any given time.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct route for the passage of blood from the heart to the tissues and back?

Accepted Answer

Heart → Arteries → Capillaries → Veins → Heart

Blood Vessels: Structure, Function, and Hemodynamics

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards