Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the periosteum in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

It covers the outer surface of bone, provides blood supply, and contains bone stem cells.

Question 2

A patient suffers a fracture in the shaft of their femur. Which anatomical term best describes the location of this injury?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis

Question 3

Which bone cell type is primarily responsible for breaking down bone matrix during bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 4

A child is diagnosed with a disorder affecting the epiphyseal plate. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Impaired bone growth in length

Question 5

Which formula correctly represents the inorganic component of bone matrix, hydroxyapatite?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2$$

Question 6

A long bone is fractured and the yellow marrow is exposed. What is the primary function of this tissue in adults?

Accepted Answer

Storage of triglycerides

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why trabeculae in spongy bone are aligned along lines of stress?

Accepted Answer

To provide resistance to twisting and compression forces

Question 8

A patient with leukemia receives a bone marrow transplant. Which part of the bone is most directly involved in this procedure?

Accepted Answer

Red marrow in spongy bone

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of hormones

Question 10

A patient has a genetic defect causing abnormal collagen in their bones. Which property of bone is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Flexibility and resistance to twisting

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is found at the edges of bones and is solid, while spongy bone is found in the middle and contains marrow-filled spaces.

Question 12

Which structure allows blood vessels and nerves to enter the diaphysis of a long bone?

Accepted Answer

Nutrient foramen

Question 13

A patient with osteoporosis has bones that fracture easily. Which component of bone matrix is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyapatite (inorganic matrix)

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of osteocytes in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They maintain the bone matrix and monitor mechanical stress.

Question 15

A 10-year-old child has a fracture that disrupts the metaphysis of a long bone. What is the most likely long-term effect?

Accepted Answer

Impaired bone growth in length

Question 16

Which of the following bones is classified as a sesamoid bone?

Accepted Answer

Patella

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the collagen fibers in adjacent lamellae of an osteon run in alternate directions?

Accepted Answer

To increase the bone's resistance to twisting forces

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct pairing of bone type and example?

Accepted Answer

Flat bone – sternum

Question 19

A patient has a tumor that destroys the osteogenic layer of the periosteum. Which process will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Bone growth and repair

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of canaliculi in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They allow osteocytes to communicate and exchange nutrients.

Bones and Bone Structure: Study Notes for ANP College Students (Ch. 6)

Study Guide - Practice Questions