Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of hormones

Question 2

A patient with a genetic defect in osteoclast function is most likely to develop which condition?

Accepted Answer

Osteopetrosis

Question 3

Which bone type is correctly matched with its example?

Accepted Answer

Flat bone – Sternum

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of osteocalcin in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

It binds to calcium ions and hydroxyapatite crystals to organize the inorganic matrix.

Question 5

A child with a vitamin D deficiency is most likely to develop which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the chemical formula for hydroxyapatite, the main inorganic component of bone?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2$$

Question 7

During bone remodeling, which cell type is responsible for bone resorption, and what is the main mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts; secretion of hydrogen ions and enzymes

Question 8

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 9

A 14-year-old boy presents with excessive height and large hands and feet. Laboratory tests reveal elevated growth hormone. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Gigantism

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone forms on a model of hyaline cartilage

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in fracture repair?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation → Soft callus formation → Bone callus formation → Bone remodeling

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why bones become brittle in osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

There is an inadequate inorganic matrix in the ECM.

Question 13

Which of the following zones of the epiphyseal plate is responsible for the active division of chondrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Zone of proliferation

Question 14

Which of the following statements about compact bone is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It contains osteons with concentric lamellae.

Question 15

A patient with a comminuted fracture will have which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A bone shattered into multiple fragments

Question 16

Which of the following nutrients is required for osteoblasts to synthesize collagen fibers in the organic matrix of bone?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 17

Which of the following best describes appositional growth of bone?

Accepted Answer

Growth in width by osteoblasts adding new bone to the periosteum

Question 18

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating bone deposition and is more potent in males than females?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why elderly individuals are at increased risk for osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Decreased hormone levels reduce bone deposition

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-life application of bone marrow transplantation?

Accepted Answer

Treating leukemia by replacing defective hematopoietic cells

Bones and Bone Tissue: Structure, Function, and Physiology

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